摘要:

During the second half of the past decade, psycholinguistic models of speech production have been modified to include a “prearticulatory editing” component, the supposed function of which is to verify the linguistic integrity of impending phoneme strings destined for articulation. Empirical support for psycholinguistic editing comes primarily from studies by the present authors on laboratory‐induced verbal slips. All of these studies have depended upon two crucial claims: that laboratory slips are errors of output, and that error‐rate differentials are evidence ofediting. Recently, however, it has been recognized that neither of these assumptions has been convincingly demonstrated, and consequently the editing models instigated by the earlier studies are being reassessed. The present study tested these two assumptions directly. The output‐error assumption was supported by finding larger Galvanic Skin Resistance (GSR) responses for verbal slips than for correct vocalizations. The editing assumption was supported by finding that presumably edited vocal responses (identified by GSR) require more processing time (i.e., vocal response latency) than unedited responses. The reasoning from the empirical observations to conclusions about these assumptions is discussed in detail. Secondarily, a hypothesizedsocial acceptabilityediting criterion was supported by the observation that neutral verbal slips outnumber taboo cou

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study focused on identifying the independent and conjoint influence of attitude similarity and initial interaction on interpersonal attraction to relative strangers. Participants were informed they would be working on a project with either an attitudinally similar or an attitudinally dissimilar stranger. Half of the participants next engaged in an initial interaction with their partner and the other half did not. All participants then filled out a scale that included a measure of interpersonal attraction. Results indicated that the conjoint, nonadditive effects of attitude similarity and initial interaction overrode the significant main effects of these variables. Although attitudinally similar noninteractants were more attracted to their partners than dissimilar noninteractants, no differences in attraction were observed among similar and dissimilar interactants. Dissimilar interactants were more attracted to their partners than dissimilar noninteractants, but no differences in attraction were observed between similar interactanls and noninteractants.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper offers a new methodological approach to establishing the validity of interaction coding schemes, and it reports research which applies these procedures to three coding systems that have been used to study small group decision making: Bales' (1950) Interaction Process Analysis System, Fisher's (1970) Decision Proposal Coding System, and Mabry's (1975) Pattern Variable Coding System. The procedures offered here provide a method for determining whether the functions or constructs identified by a coding system are part of the common meanings ascribed to the participants in the interaction. Of the three coding systems evaluated in the study, the IPA System represented subjects' interpretations of decision‐making interaction better than the Decision Proposal System, which, in turn, performed better than the Pattern Variable Syste

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Written educational selections and cartoons drawn to illustrate different educational points were arranged to effect a factorial variation in (1) level of difficulty of educational material (easy, difficult) and (2) amount of humor (no humor, moderate humor, extensive humor). Students read one version, evaluated it on a number of dimensions, and were tested over the material. Pictorial humorous illustrations were found to have no effect on information acquisition and on motivation, positive effects on appeal, and negative effects on persuasibility.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since 1970 about 80% of the research on oral communication apprehension has used one of two versions of McCroskey's Personal Report of Communication Apprehension. The original 20‐item PRCA was introduced for the purpose of measuring apprehension beyond the traditional public speaking context. Although the PRCA‐20 is reliable, some serious criticism of it has centered on its ability to tap interpersonal behavior outcomes. In an attempt to bolster its interpersonal applicability, five “interpersonally‐oriented” items were added to form the PRCA‐25. The studies reported herein demonstrate that both versions fail to possess sufficient reliable variance to be applicable to contexts other than public settings. In addition, it was found that the interpersonal items are a separate component of the PRCA, and as such, do not justify being treated equal in terms of additivity and, therefore, reduce the construct integrity

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This review assesses the adequacy of several commonly employed cognitive complexity measures on the basis of five criteria: high test‐retest reliability with adults, association with chronological age across childhood and adolescence, independence from intelligence and verbal abilities, association with other indices of developed social cognition, and association with measures of developed communicative functioning. Extant research indicates that only one complexity measure—Crockett's Role Category Questionnaire—is satisfactory on all these criteria, whereas Bieri's widely used measure is deficient on most. However, research to date concerning the relationship of cognitive complexity (as assessed by Crockett's measure) to communication has failed to illuminate the specific role played by complexity as opposed to other social‐cognitive factors with which it is ass

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY