摘要:

This essay is a critical review of the broad research literature on social support. The nature of support is explicated and findings from studies of diverse populations are considered for understanding the role of communication in the support process. Uncertainty reduction theory is discussed as an emergent theoretical foundation for explaining the sources/providers, function, and network structure of supportive communication. The paper includes hypotheses for future research and a review of some central dilemmas of supportive relationships.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research argues for the integration of individual difference and relational models in understanding social interaction. Two longitudinal studies are reported that investigate dyadic perceptions within a small group context. A round‐robin design and variance partitioning procedures were used to isolate consistent individual differences and unique relational interdependencies in perceptions of leadership, openness, and liking. Both studies indicate that the magnitudes of individual level consistencies and unique relational interdependence vary as a function of characteristics assessed and the length of the relationship. The implications for conceptualizing and measuring relational aspects of interaction and for understanding the interface between individual difference and relational explanations for social interaction are discusse

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Preparation of speech in advance of actual production has consistently been shown to result in greater speech fluency. This observation is important given the impact of speech fluency in social perception; however, it raises questions concerning the nature of the processes by which communicative behaviors are prepared and of the representation of those behaviors in the cognitive system. The current research represents an attempt to address these issues. In Experiment I subjects provided with an abstract problem‐solution sequence exhibited less silent pausing during speech than a control group which was not given such a sequence. A second experimental group provided with an abstract solution‐problem sequence exhibited less pausing than the control group, but not significantly so. In Experiment II, increasing practice with the solution‐problem sequence was found to lead a decreasing linear trend in silent pausing. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the nature of production of communicative beh

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies examined subordinate perceptions fo their own and their supervisors' use of behavior alteration techniques and the relationships between such use and subordinate satisfaction. The results indicated that subordinates seldom use most of the techniques in their interactions with their supervisors, but when they do they favor use of Expert and Self‐Esteem approaches. Supervisors were found to use most frequently the techniques labeled Expert, Self‐Esteem, Reward from Behavior, Legitimate‐Higher Authority, and Personal Responsibility. Strong, positive relationships between supervisor and subordinate use of the individual techniques studied were obtained, suggesting a possible modeling effect within the organization. Almost all of the significant correlations between use of individual techniques and subordinate satisfaction with supervision were negative, suggesting the possibility that increased attempts at behavioral alteration stem from subordinate dissatisfaction or lead to that dissatisfa

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The literature on creativity posits that creative abilities are stable and relatively impervious to short‐term interventions. Several studies have, however, reported differential effects of media on children's imaginative play and thinking. The results of these studies are difficult to interpret owing to their reliance on nonstandardized measures of creativity. The present study examines the relative effects of television versus radio on children's creativity. Third and sixth graders were presented a story on television or radio and were then given an adapted version of the “Just Suppose” test of divergent thinking developed by Torrance (1974). Responses were scored in terms of ideational fluency, flexibility, and originality. The results indicated that the two media did not have a differential effect on children's creat

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A number of communication researchers have used Sacketl's incorrect lag sequential program to analyze interactive data. This paper illustrates the potential seriousness of the programming error, and indicates which lag sequential analyses should be reexamined.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY