摘要:

This study examines the relationship between involvement in a job‐related communication network and organizational commitment. The findings indicate a complex relationship that is moderated by the degree of job involvement. For employees who are not involved in their jobs, involvement in the job‐related communication network functions to foster commitment to the organization. Two major conclusions are drawn: (1) the impact of involvement in communication networks on employee attitudes and behaviors may occur only for individuals with certain characteristics; and (2) previous studies that have reported main effects for individual variables on organizational commitment may need reinterpretation in light of the disordinal interaction obtained here. The possibility that different commitment processes operate for different kinds of employees is explored, with special emphasis on those employees for whom communication is a potent factor in determining attitudes. Implications for future research on the relationship between communication network involvement and other employee responses are discus

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined Israeli adolescents' differential perception of social conflicts in society and of their presentation by TV news, given the assumption that TV presents a distorted picture of real social conflicts along three dimensions: complexity, intensity, and solvability. It was hypothesized that age and degree of remoteness of social conflicts from one's life experiences will account for the main differences in an adolescent's differential perception of social conflicts. The sample consisted of 492 9th‐grade and 425 12lh‐grade Israeli adolescents. The data indicate that the older adolescents typically differentiate between the two realms of reality to a greater degree than do the younger adolescents. This is the case for three conflicts (school integration, labor disputes, and political terrorism) across the three dimensions. Moreover, the highest degree of differentiation between the two realms of reality was found for both age groups in the school integration conflict, with which the respondents were presumed to be most familiar, and the least differentiation for the conflict concerning political terrorism, with which they were presumed to have had the least experie

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Subjects' initial apprehension about crime was manipulated via exposure to a specially edited crime documentary or control film. They were then given an opportunity to select films to be viewed from a list. This list contained film descriptions that varied (according to a pretest) in the degree to which they featured victimization and justice restoration. Analysis of the victimization scores of the films selected indicated that apprehensive subjects (those exposed to the crime documentary) chose films with less victimization than their counterparts in the control group. Analysis of the justice restoration scores indicated that apprehensive subjects chose films that featured more justice than their counterparts in the control group. These findings are consistent with several selective exposure rationales for the well‐documented relationship between exposure to television—and crime drama in particular—and fear of crime. These rationales are fully discussed and the findings of the present study are reconciled with earlier research on the relationship between television exposure and fear of crime, including research on the cultivation of fear via television exp

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to test the effectiveness of ridicule as an educational and social corrective in children's educational television programs, arbitrary activities involving a novel object were performed by a Muppet model, videotaped, and presented to 4‐ and 6‐year‐olds. In each of three conditions of type of motivational message (ridicule, command, suggestion), a highly specific action was discouraged, another was encouraged, and a third was neither discouraged nor encouraged. The frequency with which subjects played with the novel object served as a measure of imitation. Four‐year‐olds consistently responded most effectively to correction when commands were given. In sharp contrast, 6‐year‐olds were most responsive to ridicule and least responsi

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A recent model of person memory suggests that people will use the most accessible or most recently thought about traits in describing other people. An experiment was conducted to test the notion that once a trait is activated or “primed” by television, that trait will be more accessible and, therefore, more likely to influence encoding of new information. A group of 64 children in second, fourth, and sixth grades watched a 10‐minute videotape designed to prime the trait “funny” by showing children representative segments of humorous situation comedy programs. After viewing, children evaluated a child they had never met on several traits including “funny” and two other traits taken from past television research—“attractive” and “strong.” A control group (n= 68) evaluated the new child only. Results showed no significant main effects of treatment, but significant interactions between treatment and grade. Second grade children in the experimental group rated the new child lower on traits funny, attractive, and strong in comparison to the control group. Sixth graders rated the new child higher on the same traits, and fourth graders showed no differences between the two conditions. No effects were found for 22 other traits. The results are discussed in terms of direct and contrast effects of prior informat

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a perceiver's own disclosure on attraction for self‐disclosing others. In Experiment 1, female undergraduates selected two topics and disclosed information on them to a confederate partner. This disclosure occurred either before or after the confederate disclosed information on three different topics that were either high or low in intimacy. Based on self‐perception theory, it was predicted and found that intimacy of the subject's self‐disclosure would be positively correlated with attraction for the confederate when the subject disclosed before her partner but not when she disclosed after her partner. A second prediction that subjects would be attracted toward a highly intimate partner only if they had previously disclosed was not confirmed. Instead, attraction for the confederate was greater when she had disclosed before the subject and when she had disclosed intimately. Experiment 2 varied the intimacy of the response of a partner to the subject's initial self‐disclosure and whether this response dealt with the same topics or different topics. It was found that attraction was greater for an intimate than a nonintimate partner when topics for disclosure were the same. When disclosure topics were different, there was no significant difference in attraction for the intimate and nonintimate partner. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the disclosure‐liking h

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Expectancy theory suggests that people develop normative expectations about appropriateness of communication behavior that differ for males and females. Support was found for an interaction hypothesis predicting that males would be expected to use more verbally aggressive persuasive message strategies and would negatively violate expectations and be less persuasive when they deviated from such strategies. Moreover, females are expected to be less verbally aggressive and use more prosocial message strategies and are penalized for deviations from such an expected strategy. Manipulation checks indicated that people have clear differences in expected strategy use by males and females and that neither the psychological sex role nor biological sex of receivers alters those expectations. Results are discussed in terms of similarity to prior language research, as an extension of expectancy theory and as added knowledge about the effects of specific compliance‐gaining message strategie

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research has found that social‐cognitive abilities are important determinants of the competence to comfort affectively distressed others in a sensitive manner. However, being competent to comfort others sensitively does not necessarily imply that this competence will be exercised; presumably, persons must also be motivated to utilize their competencies if they are to produce highly sensitive comforting strategies. This study examined the collective contributions of a social‐cognitive variable (interpersonal construct abstractness) and a motivational variable (emotional empathy) to the production of sensitive comforting strategies. Subjects were 70 college students. It was hypothesized that construct abstractness and emotional empathy would both be positively related to sensitivity of comforting strategies and that these two variables would make a significant independent contribution to the prediction of comforting strategies. Correlational and multiple regression analyses confirmed these hypotheses: construct abstractness explained a large portion of the variance in sensitivity of comforting strategies, while emotional empathy explained a smaller, but significant, portion of the variance in comforting‐strategy sensit

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY