ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Building from the social constructivist view, this paper provides evidence that audience members create specific and sometimes elaborate practical actions involving television in order to gratify particular needs in the context of family viewing. The ethnography of mass communication is recommended as a methodological framework suitable for discovering and documenting these behaviors. Based on findings from systematic participant observation research, and from the pertinent uses and gratifications literature, a typology of the social uses of television, with emphasis on their communicative value, is presented. Mass media are found to be valuable social resources, not unlike language or the occasions for talk, which are particularly useful to the imaginative social member for the construction and maintenance of desired relations at home.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Utilizing questionnaire data collected from subordinates (Ss) in three different organizations, this study reexamined the validity of the “Pelz Effect.” Specifically, the investigation explored the House et al. assertion that, for subordinates who perceive their supervisors as supportive leaders, there exists a curvilinear rather than positive linear association between supervisors’ upward influence and subordinates’ openness and satisfaction with supervision. Results, in general, did not support the House et al. position, but rather Pelz's original findings. However, analyses suggest the additional conclusion that the “Pelz Effect” is viable for subordinates who perceive their superiors as supportiveornonsupportive leaders, but has its greatest effects for subordinates in the f

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three measures of listening—short‐term (STL), short‐term listening with rehearsal (STL‐R), and lecture comprehension—were compared with other scores of general mental ability and classroom performance scores. The listening measures were significantly different from each other in relation to ACT composite scores. Short‐term listening related most closely to oral performance whereas lecture comprehension did so to general mental ability and written examination scores. Listening behavior seems not to be a singular skill but a very comp

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study we examine the possibility that persons vary in their styles of self‐disclosure. A 3 (disclosure target: mother, father, best same‐sex friend) × 2 (topic: schoolwork, social relations with others) × 5 (regulation of disclosure behavior: amount, valence, honesty‐accuracy, control of depth of disclosure, intended disclosure) matrix was used to generate items with which subjects agreed or disagreed (e.g., re: mother and schoolwork, I am always honest in my self‐disclosures). AQ‐analysis revealed four types of disclosers, including a type that was low in honesty and amount of disclosure to parents (parent‐crypticdisclosers) and a type that was comparatively open to parents but low in amount and high in control of depth of disclosures to best friend (parentally open friend‐crypticdisclosers). Discriminant analyses revealed that “family communication” patterns and “communication apprehension” were important variables in distinguishing the types, and a canonical correlation analysis showed that these two variables were generally important in predicting disclosure behavior across th

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies were conducted that examined the interaction patterns of dissimilar PVB subjects in task oriented discussions. Their interaction was content analyzed and subjected to computer assisted Markov analysis. We found predictable behavioral, cognitive, and content differences between high, middle, and low PVB subjects. High‐PVB subjects talked longer, interrupted less, initiated and reinitiated more ideas, had higher credibility, and had more perceived influence than did low‐PVB subje

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The research examined the relationship of available and used nonverbal and total information when observers make deception attributions during initial exposure. Twelve interviewees underwent a procedure designed to induce deception; this yielded six deceitful and six truthful interviewees, as reflected in behavior exhibited during a postprocedure interview. Eight coders estimated the amount of available nonverbal and total information. Eighty observers made judgments as to the veracity of the interviewees and reported the amount of nonverbal and total information used in making these judgments. Comparison of available information and used information models indicates inconsistencies in total information estimates and an inability to predict accuracy of judgments based on these estimates.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the use of compliance‐gaining message strategies in “interpersonal” versus “noninterpersonal” relationships. Subjects were asked how likely they would be to use persuasive strategies in a hypothetical situation involving either a spouse (interpersonal situation) or new neighbors (noninterpersonal situation). A subjective expected utility model is proposed to account for subjects' choice of strategies. According to the SEU model, subjects weigh the expected advantages and disadvantages of strategies both in terms of their persuasiveness and their effects on the relationship with the persuadee. Regression analysis supported the use of the SEU model to predict subjects' choice of strategies. Situational comparisons of SEU indicated that most strategies are rated more persuasive, less likely to damage the personal relationship, and more likely to be used in the spouse situation than in the neighbor

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent theoretical analyses of communication fear have employed the analogy of state and trait anxiety. Communication apprehension is considered to be representative of general trait anxiety which is a function of disordered personality processes. Public speaking fear represents state anxiety and is a function of normal social evaluation anxiety. Two studies are reported which correlate state‐trait measures of anxiety with communication apprehension and public speaking fear. The data support the hypothesis that communication apprehension is associated with trait anxiety but, contrary to the theoretical analysis, public speaking anxiety is associated with both state anxiety and trait anxiety. The results are discussed in terms of the theoretical analysis of communication fear. The implications for future research on assessment and amelioration of communication fear are considere

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY