摘要:

This study examines three cognition‐based theoretical explanations for variations in verbal disagreement tactics. The cognitive requirements of competent message production in conflict situations are examined first. Then the relative success of (a) an individual difference explanation (based on constructivist logic), (b) a situated cognition explanation (based on planning theory), and (c) a hybrid explanation in accounting for the use of competent verbal disagreement tactics is assessed. Results based on analysis of 40 dyadic interactions indicated that planning measures are strongly correlated with use of integrative conflict tactics. In addition, the individual difference measure (i.e., the Role Category Questionnaire) was strongly associated with the quality of plans. Results are interpreted as evidence of the need for integrative models that link individual differences in social cognition, conversational plans, and message behavio

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As a vehicle for comparing the group valence model's description of the group problem‐solving process with more individually oriented models, several versions of McPhee, Poole, and Seibold's (1982) valence distribution model were derived and examined in 42 decision‐making groups. Although the methods of the valence distribution model had predictive power, they appeared to be generally inferior to the group valence model. The latter consistently accounted for more of the decision‐making phenomena. Implications for the nature of the group decision‐making process are di

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This experiment was conducted to test a rational model of the elaboration of themes found in rejection messages. The experiment involved a situation in which a candidate for membership in an organization must be rejected by an agent of the organization. The model proposed that five themes would be found in the rejection messages, elaborated selectively as a function of the relationship between organizational agent and candidate (friend vs. stranger) and the basis for the rejection (qualified vs. unqualified candidate). The experiment was replicated with American and Japanese participants in the role of organizational agent; no differences due to nationality were anticipated. Results showed partial support for the initial rational model, but the findings also pointed toward two key revisions of the hypothesized model: First, two new themes in rejection messages were identified; and second, there were substantial differences in the way Americans and Japanese elaborated themes to serve their goals.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the relationship between verbal recall and listening, using measures of listening behavior as a criterion. Three possible models of the verbal recall‐listening relationship are examined: isomorphic, confounding, and recall ability as antecedent to listening. Seventy‐three participants were videotaped while interviewing a confederate, and the videotapes were coded for observable listening behaviors. Participants also completed a conversation‐based listening test and a verbal recall test. The results indicated that, although related, listening and the ability to recall verbal stimuli are not isomorphic. The data were also inconsistent with a model specifying verbal recall ability as a confound of listening. A model stipulating verbal recall ability as antecedent to listening provided the best fit to the data. Implications of this model for past and future research are disc

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigates how cultural groups may differ in their perceptions about preferred communication behavior. It focuses on the importance attached to “conversational constraints” in conversation. For the primary goal of requesting, the following five conversational constraints are identified: (a) concern for clarity, (b) concern for avoiding hurting the hearer's feelings, (c) concern for nonimposition, (d) concern for avoiding negative evaluation by the hearer, and (e) concern for effectiveness. Five hypotheses are formulated regarding the relationships between individualistic‐collectivistic orientation (an important dimension of“culture”) and these five conversational constraints. Data were collected from 892 participants (undergraduates studying in Korea, Hawaii, and the mainland United States). After being presented at random with one of the six request situations, participants rated the perceived importance of each conversational constraint in that situation. The results indicate that the perceived importance of clarity was higher in the more individualistic cultures. On the other hand, the perceived importance of avoiding hurting the hearer's feelings and of minimizing imposition were higher in the more collectivistic cultures. The perceived importance of effectiveness and of avoiding negative evaluation by the hearer, on the other hand, did not significantly differ across the three cultural groups. Theoretical as well as practical implications are

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY