摘要:

This article presents an expansion and reformulation of uncertainty reduction theory. Past research indicates that support for the basic axioms of the uncertainty perspective is weak, especially with regard to initial interaction processes. It is suggested that uncertainty reduction is not the primary concern of individuals during this entry phase, as previously posited. Rather, uncertainty reduction is cast as subordinate to the more central concern of increasing positive relational outcomes. During initial interactions, uncertainty reduction is expected to enhance individuals perceived ability to forecast future relational outcomes. Important initial interaction behaviors and decisions are presumed to follow from the values these forecasted outcomes take. Several major revisions of uncertainty axioms and theorems are generated.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Information exchange in initial interactions was examined across varying expectations for future contact with the conversational partner. Thirteen dimensions of information were employed to track conversational content over time, tap individuals’ desires, and obtain overall impressions of the information exchanged. The anticipation of future interaction had minimal effects on the actuality of and desire for information exchange, with its strongest effects concerning perceptual variables of conuersational coordination. The importance of anticipation of future interaction to uncertainty reduction theory was found to be misplaced and the theory itself was brought into question by the findings. The importance of the construct of anticipation of future interaction was questioned in terms of the relationship of its operationalization to its conceptualizatio

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Survey measures of attention, in addition to the usual measures of exposure to media use, are explored in detail. Using data from a two‐year longitudinal study of adolescents and their parents, the reliability and validity of self‐report questions about attention to newspaper and television news are examined. Attention measures proved to be highly stable across three waves of interviews; repeated items were summed to form reliable indices of attention to each medium's news, and to general news topics without specific mention of medium. Changes in knowledge about public affairs and politics were assessed to test the effects of both exposure and attention to media news. These tests showed significant increments of knowledge gain associated with media attention, even after exposure to the medium was controlled in hierarchical regression analysis. Addition of the attention measures was especially important in evaluating television news, which contributes much more to public knowledge than has been suggested by previous studies that use only measures of TV expos

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

McLaughlin and Cody's (1982) study of antecedents and consequences of awkward silence is replicated in this study. McLaughlin and Cody concluded that behavioral sequences before silence in dyads with multiple silences were characterized by a pattern of minimal response by one participant. They also concluded that posts/fence sequences were characterized by the presence of question‐answer adjacency pairs. Advances made in our understanding of lag sequential analysis (Allison&Liker, 1982; Morley, in press; Sackett, in press) since their study was conducted indicate that statistics other than those employed in their study are more appropriate. A study of the antecedents and consequences of silence for dyads with multiple silences is reported and analyzed using reuised lag sequential analysis. This study found that silences were preceded by minimal responses at lag 1 and followed by questions at lag 1. However, silences were not followed by answers at lag 2. Additionally, the significant dependencies between minimal responses and silence, and silence and questions accounted for only a very small amount of the variance. Thus, although statistically significant, these dependencies are not theoretically meaningfu

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An interaction between receiver ability to decode vocalic cues and speaker vocalic patterns in obtaining compliance was investigated in this study. Expectancy theory was offered as an explanation for this interaction. Because changes in vocalic patterns can violate expectations, receivers make consistent interpretations of these vocalic cues, and evaluations of these interpretations may be affected by decoder predispositions toward communication that, in turn, produce differential perceptions of source reward. Respondents were interviewed by trained encoders who used neutral, pleasant, and hostile vocal patterns. Compliance was assessed by asking for a donation of time to communication research. Follow‐up surveys measured perceived relational messages, interviewer credibility, vocal pleasantness, and the degree to which the vocalic pattern was expected. The predicted disordinal interaction between decoding ability and voice condition was found. Decoding ability did not correlate with predispositions, nullifying source reward as a factor in the evaluation of vocalic violations. It was suggested that preferences for vocalic patterns influenced evaluations: Good decoders may have preferred affiliative cues and thus complied more with pleasant voices, whereas poor decoders may have preferred assertive patterns and complied more with hostile voice

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY