摘要:

A conceptual model was developed predicting parasocial interaction from both a social interaction need due to loneliness and instrumental television news use. Questionnaires were completed by 329 persons. Pearson and partial correlations supported hypotheses linking loneliness with less interpersonal communication and both loneliness and parasocial interaction with more television reliance. Loneliness and parasocial interaction were not correlated. Canonical correlation analysis supported expectations that instrumental news viewing for information was related to more parasocial interaction and perceived news realism; viewing news for exciting entertainment, news affinity, and news viewing levels correlated positively with this pattern. Ritualized news viewing for time consumption was related to more television viewing, but to less news viewing, duration, and affinity. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis identified news affinity, perceived news realism, and information news viewing motives as salient predictors of parasocial interaction with a favorite local television news personality. Implications of results were discussed in light of uses and gratifications research and communication interaction.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study tested a physiologically based arousal theory of deceptive communication. The sympathetic activation (skin resistance) of three groups of communicators was monitored. Two of the groups, deceivers and unaroused truth tellers, paralleled the types of communicators used in earlier deception studies; and a third group, aroused truth tellers, was exposed to a noise stimulus to raise their sympathetic activation to a level comparable to deceivers. Comparison of the behavioral differences between comparably aroused deceivers and truth tellers made it possible to identify the cues unique to deception‐induced arousal. Results confirmed that deceivers experienced significantly greater sympathetic activation than unaroused truth tellers. Six verbal and nonverbal behaviors reliably distinguished deceivers from unaroused truth tellers, and, most important, these same six behaviors reliably distinguished deceivers from aroused truth teller

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study sought to obtain empirical data that either directly supports or refutes the “functional” perspective advanced by recent group decision‐making theorists. Specifically, the study attempted to test the general claim that the group's satisfaction of critical task‐achievement functions (or requisite conditions) is a better predictor of decision‐making performance than the discussion procedures it employs in arriving at a decision. A total of 48 three‐member groups were randomly assigned to one of four different discussion formats. The groups were trained to use their assigned format in arriving at a decision regarding a human relations case. Two‐way ANOVA revealed no significant main effect for “discussion format,” but a significant main effect for “satisfaction of requisite conditions.” No interaction effect was discovered. The findings thus offer strong support for the “functional” perspective. Other analyses indicated that the satisfaction of certain requisite conditions may be more important than others in determining grou

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Past theories concerned with communicative competence have assumed that perceiver's evaluations of the competence of a communicative performance are based on a conception of the “ideal communicator.” Psychological theory on categorization implies that this assumption is most viable if conceptions of “prototypes” relevant to competence in general (“the communicatively competent person”) are rich in defining characteristics relative to their logical superordinate (“the skilled person”), yet distinct from other skill‐related prototypes (such as “the artistically talented person”), and if conceptions of prototypes relevant to competence in specific interactive situations are also relatively rich in defining characteristics, but similar to one another. Analysis of freely elicited lists of characteristics for categories within a taxonomic hierarchy for skill support these implications, showing that people's conceptions of “communicative competence” are organized in the manner most conducive to their use as the basis for competence evaluation. Results also point out the critical role played by concrete, rather than abstract, characteristics in differentiating among general and situ

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The information that persons possess about others influences social judgments and behavior. Previous analyses have shown that, when expecting to meet with a target, persons recall comparatively more information about the target. Those analyses, however, have provided no indication as to the type of information persons recall nor the range of recall across an action sequence. Moreover, there is no present understanding of the recall performance of persons who observe a target prior to being induced to expect interaction, although such a situation may be common in social contexts. This analysis sought to address these issues. Subjects viewed a videotaped interaction between a female (target) and a male. Subsequent analysis of subjects' recall revealed meaningful between‐group difference

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The question of what promotes closer ties between nations has long been central to the study of intercultural communication. This research develops and tests a model that specifies three factors drawn from social distance and systems perspectives that are posited to have an influence on the desire for closer ties between the U.S. and Mexico. Each of the factors, perceptions of homophily, shared interests, and threats, have previously been identified as occupying central positions in the development of international relationships. The sample used to test the model was drawn from eight elite occupational groups within Mexican urban centers (N = 800). The results were supportive of the model, with quite acceptable goodness of fit measures, with a high level of variance accounted for in the dependent variable, and with support for the paths between exogenous and endogenous variables as predicted in the model.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent research has suggested that some persons more strongly link attitudes with behavioral criteria than others. Specifically, research indicates that some persons rely more extensively on a “principle of evaluative consistency” (persons low in construct differentiation) and that some people place greater reliance on internal cues, such as attitudes, in guiding their behavioral choices (persons low in self‐monitoring) than others. This investigation considered these individual differences as it examined the influence an external prescription of attitude relevance had on persons' attitude‐behavioral intention relations. Results indicated that the external prescription of relevance greatly enhanced attitude behavioral intention consistency only for individuals who were both low in construct differentiation and high in self‐monitoring. It is hypothesized that these results obtain because such individuals rely on a principle of evaluative consistency, but apply it only when the situation prescribes such co

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

If utterances are the observational unit of analysis and there are no sequential patterns to the interaction, two alternative statistical models may be applied. A hierarchical design in which utterances are nested within subjects and subjects are nested within treatment condition is considered. One method of analysis pools utterances within treatment condition; the other method collapses across utterances to obtain subject means. Inappropriate application of the pooling model instead of the subject means model can lead to Type I errors, decreased generalizability, and inflated variance estimates that attenuate univariate and multivariate correlations. The effect of utterance reliability on the apparent unidimensionality and parallelism of multiple indicators is also discussed.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY