摘要:

Previous research on conflict emanates from a variety of theoretical perspectives and yields inconsistent conclusions. The purpose of this study was to describe the nature of conflict and communication by answering the following question: How does conflict function in the process of achieving group consensus? Transcriptions of classroom groups were subjected to a Markov statistical analysis. The results of the study indicated that phases of conflict are present throughout group interaction. Three phases were discovered and designated as interpersonal conflict, confrontation, and substantive conflict. During the interpersonal conflict phase, conflict is indirect and probably stems from individual differences. While conflict is direct and most abundant during the confrontation phase, it functions positively (i.e., generates interpretation) and facilitates decision making during the substantive conflict phase. Results from this analysis suggest numerous implications concerning the nature of conflict and communication.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on the premises that communication behavior varies as a function of social relationships and that coalitions in triads are a significant form of social structure, this study explored forms of communication behavior related to processes of coalition formation and termination. As expected, communication accessibility was greater within the coalition than between the excluded person and members of the coalition, but communication content differed only in the relative frequency of expressions of negative sentiment. Accessibility did not differ significantly between coalescing partners prior to, during, and subsequent to their coalition, but there were significantly more “pressure” statements in the negotiations prior to coalition. The utility of a three‐person iterated matrix game was demonstrated for studies of communication and coalition, and the implications of the choice of a unit of analysis for the study of communication were disc

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Relational communication refers to thecontrolor dominance aspects of message exchange in dyads, as distinct from an emphasis on thereportor referential aspects of communication. In relational communication analysis, the focus is on messages astransactions, and the major theoretic concepts which emerge in this analysis aresymmetry, transitory, andcomplementarityof control. This paper contains a brief review and critique of existing interaction analysis techniques, followed by a detailed discussion of new measurement procedures that capture both the control and processual (time‐varying) nature of dyadic interaction. The first step in these procedures yields a code (by speaker) based on the grammatical format of each sequential utterance. The second step yields a translation of each message format and response made into a control code, based on the relationship between the message and its immediate predecessor. These codes are next translated into transactional codes, which can then be analyzed in terms of the three major theoretic concepts. These measurement procedures require minimal subjective judgment, particularly at the initial coding level. The paper concludes with a discussion of the ways we are attempting to operationalize major “themes” or patterns of control in lengthy, ongoing dyadic exch

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on accumulated knowledge concerning the effects of language intensity on attitude change, a set of propositions were advanced that provide a skeletal theoretical framework. Based on the propositions, three separate studies were done to extend the predictive power of the formulation. Predicted interactions between sex of the source, situational anxiety, source credibility, and language intensity were obtained. There were also significant person perception changes as a result of the level of language intensity employed in the persuasive message. Discussion centered on the import of the new findings in formulating a message‐centered theory of persuasio

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three telephone surveys conducted during different phases of the Vietnam War (N=401, 199, and 299, respectively) were conducted to determine how changes in events and in sources’ actions relevant to those events affect the perceived credibility of various information sources. Data linking four sources (students, the Stanford University News Service, CBS News, and the White House) to three issues (air pollution, unemployment, the war) indicate that ascribed credibility: (a) increased with the purported objectivity of the source, (b) decreased as the issue became more controversial, and (c) varied overtime as a function of the actions of the various sources and changes in events related to the issues. Results are discussed in terms of how changes in the environment located by major news events are related to changes in the ascribed credibility of various information source

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the effects of equivocation (deliberate vagueness) on source credibility (competence and character), agreement, and perceived vagueness. The results indicated that the equivocated message produced significantly higher character ratings for the speaker than did the clearly stated disagreeable message, but there was no significant difference for the competence ratings. The equivocated message also produced significantly more agreement than the clear message. These findings, as well as others, led the researchers to conclude that equivocating disagreeable arguments helps preserve credibility—most notably the character ratings; and that character is the best predictor of message agreement. The results were interpreted in terms of information processing theory, suggesting that equivocated messages evoke meanings which are congruent with prior experience and attitudes. In contrast to the tenet advocated since antiquity that all issues should be addressed clearly, this study indicates that under certain circumstances the speaker can enhance effectiveness by using the rhetorical technique of deliberate vaguenes

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY