摘要:

Developmental studies in interpersonal communication have focused on first‐order development—relational developmentwithina given matrix of rules. Neglected has been the interpersonal communication that results in second‐order development—the creation of a new interpersonal system. A rationale, a model, and procedures for the study of second‐order development are presented. A case is analyzed, and several conclusions are proposed. Second‐order development (1) follows a predictable pattern, (2) it is marked by personal struggle, (3) its outcomes are oblique to its happening, and (4) it involves risk. Future research is directed toward the effects on second‐order development of certain kinds of episodes and their sequential order and toward the use of the procedures demonstrated in analyzing the development of long‐standin

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study sought to examine the impact upon actors' selection of strategies to manage failure events of several contextual factors: characteristics of the reproacher/actor relationship, communicative goal‐orientation of the actors, severity of the failure event, character of the reproach for the failure event, and the actors' degree of expressed guilt. Results indicated that actors elected to make no response when they felt less guilt, when there was no overt reproach, when their instrumental goal (securing honoring) was unimportant, and when the failure event was a severe offense. Concessions were used when the reproachers said nothing or projected a concession, when the offense was severe, when the actors' instrumental goal was important, and when they felt guilty. Actors chose to justify their behavior in high intimate situations where their instrumental goal was less important. Refusal to account was most likely to occur when reproachers used an aggravating reproach form, when actors felt unjustly accused, and when reproachers were dominant. Excuses were fairly uniformly distributed across all context

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent research into whether males and females differ in their communication has been confounded by several variables: perceptual measures, observing isolated behaviors, and same‐sex or mixed‐sex composition of the communicative system. Some research has suggested that the interactional context may affect whether males and females communicate differently at all. This study sought to determine the differential impact of sexual composition and one aspect of interactional context (specifically, competitive or cooperative orientation) on interaction patterns in same‐sex and mixed‐sex dyads. Results confirm the expectation that competitive/cooperative orientation exerts a significant impact on both content and relationship patterns of interaction. Results also demonstate that the sexual composition of the dyads did not affect the interaction patterns, measured on any of five dimensions of interactional functions, in competitive dyads, cooperative dyads, or all dyads taken t

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the effects of certain communication variables (member integration, boundary communication, environmental uncertainty, and system autonomy) on organizational effectiveness. While often discussed in the literature, these variables have not been precisely defined. As a result, a multiple indicator model using maximum likelihood estimates for each variable was created. Interviews with managers from 82 different organizations from a variety of industries are used to test the model. The results suggest that member integration and environmental uncertainty, when the latter is mediated by boundary communication, provide an excellent predictor of organizational effectiveness (R= .64). The results are discussed in light of the proposed theory along with implications for future research using intertypical sampling methods and LISREL analysis.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An empirical study was conducted to investigate the practical management of interactions sustaining close friendships. Ten pairs of close friends were interviewed individually on two occasions and together on a third occasion. An interpretive analysis of subjects' remarks identified a dialectical principle governing the communicative organization of friendship. The dialectic of the freedom to be independent/freedom to be dependent conceptualizes the patterns of availability and copresence in a close friendship. Basically, while each person is free to pursue individual interests apart from the other and without the friend's interference or help, each retains the liberty to rely on the other should it be necessary. In granting each other a combination of these two freedoms, the individuals co‐create a basis for patterns of interaction in their relationship that may curtail their individual liberties. The paper closes with an overview of the choices and possible corruptions experienced by self and other due to the mutually contingent nature of these contradictory freedom

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined respondent proficiency at reconstructing a sequence of utterances (discourse). Theories of text hold that participants in a discourse must construct and arrange the sense of the text; that is, they must make decisions about discourse coherence. We had respondents reconstruct a conversation and we made predictions about discourse coherence, the nature of various two‐turn constructional units, unit differences, and individual differences. We found that the entire discourse as a processing unit affects the likelihood of certain two‐turn pairs being resequenced correctly. Except for the fact that complex subjects were better able to resequence the initial interaction, there were no other individual differences. The research has implications for principles of coherence, text comprehension, and interpersonal behav

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY