摘要:

The present study sought to determine whether “successful” problem‐solving groups can be distinguished from “unsuccessful” problem‐solving groups on the basis of the phases that characterize their problem‐solving discussion. The results, while based on a limited sample of nine groups, provide strong evidence to indicate that no single uniform sequence of phases is necessarily associated with either “successful” or “un‐successful” group problem‐solving. Rather, the study found that both “successful” and “unsuccessful” groups take their own unique “paths” to solving their problems, perhaps depending on the conditions and circumstances present at critical points in the problem‐solving process. Interestingly, however, while the study discovered that there are several different sequences of phases associated with both “successful” and “unsuccessful” group problem‐solving, a comparison of those different sequences revealed one general difference. Specifically, it was discovered that “successful” groups tend to begin their discussion by attempting to analyze the problem before attempting to search for a viable solution to it, while “unsuccessful” groups tend to begin the discussion by immediately attempting to search for a viable solutio

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 12‐category coding system, the Intimate Negotiation Coding System (INCS), was used to analyze the verbal sequential processes of high marital adjustment couples and low marital adjustment couples. The results of Markov chain and Lag sequential analyses indicated that high marital adjustment interaction is primarily characterized by significant sequential patterns of confirming, socioemotional description, and instrumental questioning strategies. The low marital adjustment interaction is mainly characterized by unique reciprocal patterns of confront confront, confront defend, complain defend, and defend complain verbal interacts. It was also found that the verbal negotiation processes of low‐adjusted marital couples are more highly structured or patterned (up to Lag 10) than the sequential interaction of high‐adjusted marital co

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Earlier research identified a conversational rule of relevance that states, “when a conversation is seen to possess an issue‐event structure the preferred type of extension is a remark that continues the issue.” This study reports an experiment that investigates the generalizability of that earlier research and tests two conditions hypothesized to limit application of the rule. The limiting conditions are posited on the basis of a cognitive principle and universal concerns for face. The first principle, discourse comprehensibility, is found to have a strong impact on the applicability of the rule. The second condition, message importance, is not; instead, the relevance rule is found to apply across levels of message importance. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed and implications of this research for further investigation of conversational rules and for training concerns are pres

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Subjects from third‐grade, seventh‐grade, and college‐age levels who differed with respect to photographic skills and knowledge were asked to judge the comparative velocity and distance traveled by two trains on videotape. In each of four comparisons, the velocity and distance traveled by both trains were equal, but photographing the trains with lenses of different focal lengths producedapparentdifferences between the velocity and distance traveled by the trains. Both children and adults frequently interpreted the effect of lens focal length as actual differences between the two trains in velocity and distance traveled. Hands‐on experience with the tools of visual media only slightly mitigated against this tendency. The implications of this study are that many viewers do not understand how television production techniques manipulate perceptual information, and may thus be misled by th

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A cognitive model of the processes underlying the arousal of a state of communication apprehension is proposed. This model draws upon current work in cognitive science to specify the nature of the relevant structures and the nature of the processes that operate over those structures. An empirical test of the model indicates strong support in that the interaction of long‐term memory contents and perceived evaluative ness of the situation was a significant predictor of anxiety. Additionally, the model allowed the prediction of changes in physiological arousal (heart rate) over time that closely paralleled observed heart rat

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The articles appearingin HCRduring the preceding nine years (from Fall 1974 through Summer 1983) have been indexed byauthors' namesas well askey wordsto indicate the primary content area(s) addressed in each article. One or two key words were usually selected from the title of the article. If the title did not seem to provide words that adequately described the primary subject matter, key words were selected from the abstract, the article itself, or, on rare occasions, words chosen by those compiling the index.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY