ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01191

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on the Nimbus 7 satellite are compared with Dobson spectrophotometer measurements from the Antarctic, where a large decrease in October total ozone has been observed over the last decade. It has been hypothesized that the decrease is caused by local photochemical effects of man‐made chlorofluorocarbons. The TOMS data, which start in 1978, agree well with the Dobson data, confirming the low values of recent years. However, during the southern hemisphere spring total ozone in the Antarctic is strongly affected by transport associated with the breakdown of the stratospheric vortex. The strength and timing of the vortex breakdown are highly variable and can have a large effect on monthly‐mean total ozone values. The TOMS data suggest that variations in the stratospheric circulation have contributed to the long‐term decrease. Large variations in total ozone are not confined to the Antarctic. Zonal‐mean ozone values have also decreased in the northern hemisphere spring during the TOMS observing

ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01193

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Monthly mean total ozone data from Syowa (69°S, 40°E), Antarctica, for 1961‐1985 show ozone to have been decreasing in October months, particularly after about 1980. Data For 1974‐1985 exhibit total ozone decrease during September throughout March months, with particularly large decrease occurring October and November months. (Observation were not made during April through August mo

ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01197

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurements of total ozone at Halley Bay, Antarctica, are presented for the six most recent observing seasons, 1980‐86, showing the consistency and progress of the spring ozone depletion. The principal ozone minimum of October 1985 was as deep as that of 1984, if not deeper. However, the period of depletion was affected by strong wave activity, giving rise to four distinct minima. A cusped maximum in total ozone was observed at Halley Bay on 19 October 1985, confirmed by temperatures in the lower stratosphere and by a similar ozone maximum at Faraday station, Argentine Islands. In the presence of such fluctuations, it is not possible to say whether the ozone depletion has reached its limit or not: indeed several years' data will yet be needed before that question can be answered. Ozone amounts recorded in the summer period December 1985 to February 1986 remain marginally lower than in the pas

ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01199

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Total ozone and ozonesonde data obtained at the Japanese Antarctic Station, Syowa, are analyzed together with radiosonde data in the lower stratosphere at the same station. Very high correlation coefficients between monthly mean values of ozone and stratospheric temperature suggest a clear relation between stratospheric circulation and ozone amount. The rapid decrease of the Antarctic ozone in recent years might be caused by the extraordinary change in the circulation, because there is also a rapid decrease of the temperature in the lower stratosphere above the Syowa station in spring months of recent years. This conclusion is endorsed by analysis of ozonesonde observations in 1982. The year‐to‐year change of both total ozone and stratospheric temperature suggests the influence of changes in solar activ

ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01202

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The morphology of temperature trends in the south polar stratosphere from 1979‐1985 is detailed. A significant cooling has occurred in the stratosphere over this period. South polar October mean temperatures have declined 18°K at 24 km over the seven year period. A large fraction of this decline occurs as a result of including 1979 temperatures in the trend. The years 1979 and 1982 differ from other years in that they include large mid‐October wave events which produce significantly warmer polar temperatures. Nevertheless, a significant temperature decline has still occurred in the stratosphere even when the dynamically active years are not included. Comparing two relatively dynamically quiet years, 1980 and 1985, the largest temperature decrease in the 30 mb temperature field occurs not at the pole but in the sub‐polar temperature maximum centered near 60°S. The changes in temperature of both the maximum and the polar low regions correlate fairly well with total ozone changes observed

ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01206

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Both dynamical and chemical mechanisms have been advanced to explain the decrease in total ozone in the Antarctic spring. Further analysis of satellite measurements show that during any one year the September decline in total ozone near the South Pole is compensated by an increase at mid‐latitudes. The total ozone amount from 44° S to the pole remains almost unchanged from August through November even though both the polar and mid‐latitude values reach extremes during this period. These observations suggest that the variations within the spring season in south polar total ozone are governed by dynamical redistribution rather than chemical proce

ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01210

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ozone profiles measured by SBUV in the region of the antarctic ozone minimum are in error as archived for altitudes below the 7 mb level in the atmosphere because of the lack of a reasonable climatology to use for the initial guess profile. We have examined the ozone profile error in this region and have shown that use of a reasonable climatology in this unusual region results in ozone profiles that agree substantially better with the balloon observations available from the Syowa station. The corrected profiles show that by 1984 there was 35% less ozone in the 15 to 30 km region than in 1979, and 14% less even in the 40 to 50 km region.

ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01213

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A more detailed examination of the TOMS observations reveal a number of important aspects of the Antarctic ozone depletion. First we note that the presence of large scale disturbances around the edge of the "ozone hole" can lead to highly variable station observations. Second, an examination of the zonal mean total ozone for the seven Octobers shows that the large systematic decline is not simply confined to the polar region but exists at mid‐latitudes as well. Integrations of the total ozone from the South Pole northwards show that a portion of the systematic trend of decreasing Antarctic total ozone (prior to 1985) seems to be due to a redistribution of total ozone to subpolar and mid‐latitude regions. That is, decreases at high latitudes are compensated by increases at lower latitudes. The correlation between zonal mean total ozone and 70 mb zonal mean temperatures from polar to mid‐latitudes shows that the systematic decrease in total ozone is well correlated with a systematic decrease in stratospheric tempera

ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01217

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Strong cooling is observed from 1974 to 1985 of the 100 mb temperature in November at Syowa (69°S, 40°E). Similar cooling is also seen in other pressure levels (70, 50, and 30mb levels) and other months. The rate of change for each month is very similar to the one of total amount of ozone at Syowa. A simple model is proposed which link ozone and temperature decrease at Antarctic

ISSN:0094-8276    

DOI:10.1029/GL013i012p01221

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY