摘要:

This study compared the impact of helpful and hindering events, as perceived by 40 clients, in two forms of psychotherapy: an exploratory, relationship‐oriented therapy, and a prescriptive, cognitive/behavioural therapy. All clients received eight sessions of each type of treatment in a crossover design. Events were obtained by self‐report both during and at the end of each period, and content analysed for type of therapeutic impact by three trained raters. Results showed that during treatment the most commonly occurring helpful impacts across both types of treatments were ‘problem solution’, ‘awareness’ and ‘reassurance’, while the most commonly occurring hindering impact was ‘unwanted thoughts’. Similar impacts were reported at the end of each period, with the addition of ‘personal contact’. In addition, it was found that ‘problem solution’ and ‘reassurance’ impacts were more commonly reported in prescriptive treatment, whereas ‘awareness’ and ‘personal contact’ impacts were more prevalent in exploratory treatment. Only the prevalence of ‘unwanted thoughts’ was correlated (negatively) with outcome. Some possible reasons for the lack of correlation between

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relative fluency with which 15 patients with Alzheimer‐type dementia (DAT) retrieved words with specified first letters and belonging to semantically defined categories was assessed. Patients with DAT were always less fluent than controls but, like the 12 normal elderly subjects, they were more efficient in accessing words belonging to semantic categories. Their deficit in retrieving words with specified first letters was greater than that predicted on the basis of verbal intellectual ability. No differences in word fluency were detected in presenile and senile patients. These data support the conclusion that word fluency may prove useful in the detection of early dementi

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sample of 104 Israeli soldiers diagnosed as suffering from combat stress reactions (CSR) (‘battle shock’) during the 1982 Lebanon War were examined by mental health clinicians a year after the war. The clinicians assessed (a) post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as defined in the DSM‐III (1980), (b) associated psychological symptoms (somatization, anxiety, and depression), and (c) disturbances in post‐war functioning. The clinicians collected background information on sociodemographic characteristics, premilitary and military adjustment, combat experiences, and the extent of the CSR episode. The analysis indicated that PTSD could be predicted fairly well by the extent of the CSR episode and specific combat experiences, while the psychological symptoms were predicted mainly by combat experiences, and postwar functioning was predicted mainly by pre‐war factors. The implication of combat experiences and soldiers' immediate reactions during combat in the genesis of subsequent PTSD is discussed. The multifaceted nature of war‐related psychological sequelae

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and one patients meeting DSM‐III criteria for agoraphobia with panic rated their avoidance of 21 situations. Factor analysis of the ratings revealed five factors: two that were purely agoraphobic, involving travel or transportation and shopping; one that was agoraphobic but with social features; another that was agoraphobic with claustrophobic features; and a somewhat heterogeneous factor. The results were compared with an earlier analysis by Johnston, Johnston, Wilkes, Burns&Thorpe (1984) of ratings of the same situations and with the Fear Questionnaire of Marks&Mathews (1979

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐five phobic patients were assessed in order to investigate the specific therapist and patient factors operative within treatment. Although the factors were highly correlated, they did distinguish between those patients who benefited differentially from treatmen

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐seven male, medico‐legally defined psychopaths were compared with 29 similarly aged control subjects, on four measures of telic dominance. This tested a hypothesis proposed by Apter (1982) that psychopaths would be paratelic dominant, implying that their motivation would be to increase immediate experiential arousal at the expense of future planning and serious mindedness. The results indicated that the broad category of psychopaths were more telic dominant than controls, contrary to Apter's hypothesis. The same analysis was undertaken comparing control subjects and the experimental group, subdivided into three categories of primary psychopaths, secondary psychopaths and a group of non‐psychopathic offenders. Significant differences were found on all four telic dominance measures. Further analysis revealed the major influence to be extreme telic dominance scores of the non‐psychopathic group. No systematic differences emerged between the normal group and either of the psychopathic

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper attempts to investigate empirically in 30 subjects some of the theoretical components related to individual differences that are thought by Gudjonsson&Clark (1986) to mediate interrogative suggestibility as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS; Gudjonsson, 1984a). The variables studied were: assertiveness, social‐evaluative anxiety, state anxiety and the coping methods subjects are able to generate and implement during interrogation. Low assertiveness and high evaluative anxiety were found to correlate moderately with suggestibility, but no significant correlations emerged for ‘social avoidance and distress'. State anxiety correlated significantly with suggestibility, particularly after negative feedback had been administered. Coping methods (active‐cognitive/behavioural vs. avoidance) significantly predicted suggestibility scores. The findings give strong support to the theoretical model of Gudjonsson&

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A postal survey was conducted to examine levels of emotional distress in three groups of carers, namely, daughters caring for a dementing parent, mothers caring for a mentally handicapped child and mothers caring for a mentally handicapped adult. Daughters caring for a dementing parent reported significantly higher levels of distress than both groups of mothers. Emotional distress for all groups was higher than found in the general population, although this difference was only significant for the group of daughters and the mothers with a mentally handicapped child. Findings are discussed in relation to service provision and level of disability.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A BASIC computer program is described for analysing individual repertory grids. The analysis results in a rearranged version of the grid, with similar constructs and similar elements grouped together. Element and construct similarities are assessed using single‐link hierarchical cluster analysis. The program works with rating, ranked or dichotomous grids and copes with missing entrie

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The personality trait Machiavellianism is related to social interaction. Its clinical relevance was studied with reference to the outcome of multi‐model social skills training for women. The null hypothesis received general support but the significant differences which did emerge favoured High Machs in terms of self‐reported assertiveness and anxi

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY