摘要:

Focused Expressive Psychotherapy is a Gestalt‐based method of psychotherapy which is designed to facilitate the resolution of constricted emotion in patients. This form of therapy is described as a five‐step process. The present article addresses the steps of that process which relate specifically to the intensification and resolution of emotions. The importance and rationale for intensification are discussed and related to the concept of restructured schematic memories. Markers of resolution are identified as changes in ‘benchmarks’, changes in patient behaviour or attitude, and/or a re‐evaluated stance towards past events. We conclude by citing one of our recent research efforts that demonstrates a relationship between the intensification of emotion and positive therap

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent studies have suggested an association between birth order and psychopathology. However, the association remains unclear due to a lack of consideration of the confounding effects of family size. At age seven years the family size and birth order of children from a large cohort of New Zealand children were examined in relation to parental help seeking for behavioural and emotional problems, and the development of DSM‐III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) disorder in pre‐adolescence and adolescence. Neither the child's gender, birth order nor family size were associated with parental help seeking or the prevalence of DSM‐III disorder in pre‐adolescence at age 11. In adolescence at age 15, however, significantly more girls, first‐borns and children from small families had DSM‐III disorder, but the interactions between these factors were not significant. In particular, these associations were found with internalizing disorders. The appropriateness of further studies of birth order in relation to psychopathology i

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirteen subjects experiencing chronic tics kept diaries noting frequency, intensity and degree of control of their tic during their daily routines for one week. Three examples of high‐, medium‐ and low‐risk situations were chosen as elements and, using a modified form of Kelly's repertory grid, bipolar constructs were elicited by comparing the three types of situations. Principal dimensions extracted from INGRID analyses differed across individuals but related to three principal areas: self‐image, degree of task involvement and type of task demand. Feelings of impatience and frustration frequently accompanied tic onset. Subjects' cognitive evaluations of their tic situations may be important in tic man

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Parental rearing styles are often found to be related to adult psychological disorders. In general, conclusions are based on the data of retrospective studies, in which patients' memories of their parents' behaviour are investigated. However, it has been widely recognized that memories may be sensitive to current mood states. The possible mood sensitivity of autobiographic memories is a powerful alternative explanation of the relationship commonly found between parental rearing styles and psychopathology, with implications for the hypothesis of early parenting as a vulnerability factor in the aetiology of such disorders. The present study examined whether memories of parental rearing styles are influenced by present mood. To this aim, both mood and memories of parental rearing styles were assessed on two occasions in a sample of 315 healthy subjects from the general community (Study 1) and in a group of 46 socially phobic patients (Study 2). Results showed that memories of early parenting remained quite stable, even in the face of significant and considerable changes in anxiety, depression, and hostility. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Overprediction of fear is the tendency to overestimate the amount of fear that one will experience in a subjectively threatening situation. Little is known about this bias, despite the important role it appears to play in producing phobic avoidance. The present study proposed a stimulus estimation hypothesis of overprediction, which states that overprediction of fear arises from the overprediction of the danger features of the feared stimulus and the underprediction of safety features. This model was supported by the results of structural equation modelling based on the responses of 224 snake‐fearful subjects exposed to a live harmless snake. The determinants of the stimulus estimation bias are considered and directions for further investigation are discusse

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Assumptions tend to be made about the value of long‐stay psychiatric patients living on mixed‐sex wards. In this study the views of 71 patients living on single‐sex continuing care wards were elicited using a six‐item structured interview. The data were analysed by quantitative and qualitative methods. The results show that the majority of patients preferred single‐sex living. The benefits and problems of surveys with this population are discussed as well as the implications for decisions about the structure and qualit

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Cognitive Estimation Test (CET) was devised in an attempt to quantify the tendency observed in patients with frontal lobe lesions to produce bizarre estimations in response to fairly simple questions, despite performing normally on standard intelligence tests. Several studies have been published where CET performance in patient groups has been examined. However, there is a paucity of adequate normative data. In the present study, representative normative data are provided from 150 healthy controls. CET performance was found to be moderately related to general intellectual ability, with females performing more poorly than males. The scale was examined psychometrically, and was found to be factorially impure, with poor internal reliability but adequate inter‐rater reliability. Further revision of the CET is required in order to render it a psychometrically acceptable instrumen

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Among 200 members of Narcotics Anonymous (NA), those who had been off drugs and in contact with NA for longer tended to have lower trait anxiety and higher self‐esteem scores, the relationship in each case being approximately linear. Those abstinent for longer than about three years had levels of anxiety and self‐esteem similar to those in a comparison group of 60 stude

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effectiveness of the technique of revised habituation (Salkovskis&Westbrook, 1989) has received limited attention in the literature. This paper describes a clinical example which demonstrates both the utility and power of this intervention in complex cases of obsessive‐compulsive disorde

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two nine‐item self‐rating questionnaire scales were developed to measure, on the one hand, features typically associated with a history of mania‐like phenomena, and, on the other hand, features typically associated with a history of clinical depression. These scales were added to produce an 18‐item scale which, it was hypothesized, might measure degree of history of manic‐depressive‐like phenomena. Results tended to support this view: (1) compared with students, manic‐depressives obtained significantly higher scores on each of these three scales; (2) all scales, but especially the manic experience scale, correlated significantly positively with the MMPI Hypomania Scale; and (3) for a subset of the manic‐depressives, a person's scores on two of the three new scales were significantly correlated with the number of different manic‐depression‐relevant medications that tha

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY