摘要:

This paper discusses the presence of important uninvestigated assumptions in every aspect of depression research. It is suggested that ageneralphenomenon‐oriented strategy might reduce the number of assumptions, if pursued in accordance with the requirements of natural science, which aims atmaximizing the accuracy of our ideas about phenomena.Possible consequences of this strategy are: (1) the provisional selection of single, well‐established, target and criterion variables, together with comparison variables, all suggested by special investigations and previous research results; (2) maximizing the phenomenological validity of current observation procedures, in the light of results of research into questionnaire and interview methods; (3) inclusion of hitherto neglected, but scientifically legitimate, individual‐centred, experimental and longitudinalspecificstrategies: the strategies of choice for the investigation of psychological processes; (4) invention of tactics to facilitate the ethically acceptable use of scientific method in investigations of clinically relevant psychological phenomena; (5) explication and eventual testing of all assumptions; (6) focus upon the understanding, prediction and control of well‐established clinically relevant phenomena, with theory playing a secondary role of facilitating systematic investigation; and (7) immediate restriction, and eventual cessation, of the use of current forms of psychiatric diagnosis in fundamental depression r

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The recent research literature on the effects of benzodiazepines is reviewed, with special emphasis on findings relevant for the practising clinician. The mode of action, patterns of use and abuse potential of benzodiazepines are discussed. The evidence on the risks of dependency and possible drawbacks of long‐term use are examined. The possible effects of benzodiazepine use on psychological treatments are also examined, and factors that should be considered while treating benzodiazepine users are discusse

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00835.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The evidence is examined that dietary restraint is causally implicated in the development of bulimic episodes as experienced by some clinical populations, notably patients with bulimia nervosa. An analysis of some of the methodological and conceptual difficulties in this area of research reveals that both the concept of dietary restraint and the phenomenon of overeating in the laboratory are less straightforward than has been assumed, and that conclusions about the causal role of dietary restraint in the development of disordered eating are premature. Future research should be based on sophisticated measures of both restraint and overeating.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In view of the association between chronic headaches and depression, this study compared a cognitive therapy package designed for depression with a relatively standard behavioural treatment package designed for headaches (self‐management training), in terms of their effects on headaches and depressive symptoms. Fifty‐five subjects suffering from chronic headaches (tension, migraine and combined) were randomly assigned to the two treatment conditions. Cognitive therapy and self‐management training were equally effective at decreasing headaches and depressive symptoms on most measures. Changes in headaches and depressive symptoms were not significantly correlated in either condition, however. Greater headache improvement was associated with high pre‐treatment headache activity for both conditions but, whilst self‐management training was more effective for subjects low on depression, cognitive therapy was more effective for subjects high on chronicity. This suggests that the latter approach, or some variation of it, may be the treatment of choice for more chronic headache sufferers with depressive

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fourteen published scales of psychotic traits or symptoms (measuring various delusional states, magical ideation, perceptual aberration, disposition towards hallucination, hypomanic personality, schizotypal personality, borderline personality and anhedonia) were combined with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire to form a Combined Schizotypal Traits Questionnaire (CSTQ) which was administered to 180 normal subjects. Two factor analyses were carried out on the scale scores. The first analysis excluded symptom scores derived from the Delusions Symptoms States Inventory of Foulds and Bedford and yielded a three‐factor solution which appeared to measure traits relating to (i) positive psychotic symptomatology; (ii) negative psychotic symptomatology; and (iii) aspects of schizotypy involving social anxiety and cognitive disorganization. The Foulds scales were included in the second analysis which yielded a four‐factor solution. The first three factors were similar to those obtained from the first analysis; the fourth factor seemed to measure an asocial component of schizotypy. This last factor was mainly accounted for by the P scale from the EPQ. These results support previous findings suggesting that different schizotypy scales relate to different underlying aspects of schizophrenia. The findings also indicate that psychotic traits are distributed along at least three dimensi

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attention is drawn to the omission of false positive response tendencies from the data captured by prestigious clinical memory assessment devices. Data from a small pilot study, using alcohol abusers, suggest that this is potentially costly in terms of understanding and measuring dysfunction. There is also an indication that, by measuring with greater sensitivity to response patterns, it may be possible to identify memory dysfunction in alcohol abusers earlier in their abuse careers.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Cognitive Foundations of Clinical Psychology.ByChris Brewin.Cognitive—Behavioral Therapy with Families.Edited byNorman Epstein, Stephen Schlesinger&Windy Dryden.Community Care in Practice Services for the Continuing Care Client.Edited byT. Lavender&F. Holloway.Tomorrow I'll be Slim: The Psychology of Dieting.BySara Gilbert.Cerebral Hemisphere Function in Depression.Edited byM. Kinsbourne.Clinical Psychology in Action: A Collection of Case Studies.Edited byJenny West&Penny Spinks.New Developments in Clinical Psychology, vol. 2.Edited byFraser Watt

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY