摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the heavy costs to individuals, families and the community of the disruptive behaviour disorders of childhood and adolescence. The financial costs of these potentially long‐term behavioural problems bear down heavily on the health, social and educational services. The human suffering they cause is immeasurable. However, not all is gloom. Psychological therapies, based broadly on social learning theory, have been shown to be effective in mitigating such problems for a significant number of children and their families. These methods, imbedded in a collaborative approach to training parents of children with conduct disorders, are illustrated in terms of their theoretical context and practical application

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01469.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prominence of a variety of social fears among types of phobia was examined. Responses of 80 agoraphobics, 25 social phobics and 35 specific phobics to Wolpe's (1983) Fear Survey Schedule were factor‐analysed. Factors of social sensitivity (accounting for 24 out of 50 per cent of the variance), agoraphobia (7 per cent), blood injuries (5 per cent) and five other small specific phobic factors were extracted. On social sensitivity, agora‐ and social phobics overlapped; specific phobics were significantly lower than social phobics. On agoraphobia scores, agoraphobics scored significantly higher than social and specific phobics. A regression analysis was performed to assess the relative contribution of the diagnostic groups to each factor. Social sensitivity may be a normal evolved mechanism that is protective in social interacti

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01470.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The hypothesis‐testing skills of patients with persecutory delusions were studied, and compared with those of matched depressed and normal control groups. Subjects were required to complete a series of visual discrimination problems in which they had to choose between pairs of stimuli presented on cards. Following positive or negative feedback from the examiner, subjects' ability to progressively narrow down the set of possible correct solutions was assessed. The groups did not differ in the range or total number of hypotheses generated. The deluded subjects were less inclined than the controls to stick to their hypotheses when given positive feedback and were more inclined to stick to their hypotheses following negative feedback. They also showed less evidence of ‘focusing’ down their hypothesis to an overall correct solution, in response to successive fee

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In two studies we tested the assumption that slowing of ideation (the ideational counterpart of psychomotor retardation) reflects a dimension distinct from severity of depression. Specifically, we hypothesized that an objective measure of ideational retardation would be correlated with a psychomotor retardation rating scale but not with a depression severity rating scale. There were 29 in‐patients in Study 1 and 30 out‐patients in Study 2; all satisfied DSM‐III criteria for major depressive episode. Measurements of ideational retardation, and notably latency of response, were derived from patient responses to the Rorschach plates (Study 1) and to simplified non‐figurative line drawings (Study 2). As expected, results showed that latencies of response were not significantly correlated with depression severity scores on the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating scale (r = .19 in Study 1, r = − .08 in Study 2), but were significantly correlated with the scores on the Salpétrière Retardation Rating scale (subscale for observable items, SRRSo) (r = .71, p<.0005 in Study 1; r = .55, p<.005,

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01472.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports a three‐year evaluation of the Mental Impairment Evaluation and Treatment Service (MIETS). MIETS, a hospital‐based unit, seeks to prepare clients with a mild learning disability and challenging behaviours for resettlement in the community. The evaluation focuses on the progress of 34 clients from preadmission to six months post‐discharge. The majority of clients came from hospitals or prisons, were on medication and were referred for serious challenging behaviours. For a subsample of the clients the Vineland and the Adaptive Behaviour Scale, Part II were used to assess changes in behaviour and a general trend of statistically significant decreases in maladaptive behaviour was observed. In contrast to the comprehensive assessment and treatments, behavioural observations on eight clients show that levels of participation and social engagement are not high. Twenty of the 34 clients were resettled in the community and maintained a community placement for a least six months. Some districts were unable to implement the placement recommendations; had they done so the rate of community placement would have been 80 per cent. It is concluded that community care is a viable option for people with challenging behaviour; without the specialist inputs of MIETS few of the clients would have achieved community placements, but questions are raised about the length of admi

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01473.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Parental satisfaction with a child and adolescent psychology service was assessed by postal questionnaire. Follow‐up interviews were conducted with 88 per cent of the sample, 36 postal questionnaire respondents and 21 non‐respondents. Questionnaire non‐respondents were more likely to have dropped out of therapy, had fewer appointments, evaluated the service more negatively and differed from respondents in their particular sources of dissatisfaction. They were significantly more dissatisfied with where they met the psychologist and in what family composition they were seen whereas questionnaire respondents were more dissatisfied with the wait before first appointment and the total number of appointments offered. The implications for future studies are discussed and the need to assess the satisfaction of postal non‐respondents emp

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01474.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐three patients who had experienced a major stressful event were given a debriefing session followed by eight weekly sessions of imaginal exposure and in vivo exposure. Patients recounted their traumatic experiences aloud, using the first person and the present tense, and included as much detail as possible. This account was audiotaped and patients were asked to listen to the tape between treatment sessions. There were reductions of 42 per cent in the Impact of Events Scale (IES), of 61 per cent in the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), of 38 per cent in the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90) questionnaire, and of 35 per cent in the Clinician Administered Post‐Traumatic Stress scale (CAPS), all of which were statistically significant. The number of patients who satisfied the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder was

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to examine what happens to long‐stay clients who remain in hospital, a retrospective analysis of annual surveys between 1984 and 1992 was undertaken. Data were derived from the REHAB scale, which provides measures of patient Total General Behaviour (TGB) and Deviant Behaviour (DB), together with data from the Supplementary Information Questionnaire (SIQ). Results indicate that skills and behaviour, as measured by TGB, do not deteriorate as a function of continuous length of stay or increasing age. However, TGB for certain clients is adversely affected by a reduction in the level of structured activity occurring during major episodes of contraction leading up to closure. In contrast, DB, which is relatively high for this group, fluctuates independently of rundown. The implications for hospital services in transition are discusse

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies are described which assessed the extent to which fears and phobias are associated with particular types of strategies for coping with stress. Study 1 compared scores on the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS) with scores on a modified version of the Health and Daily Living Form and the Miller Behavioural Style Scale (MBSS) in a normal population. A principal component analysis revealed that high scores on the social fears and miscellaneous phobias subscales of the FSS were directly associated with avoidance coping strategies, inversely associated with cognitive reappraisal strategies which devalue or deny the importance of the stressor, but unrelated to any of the measures on the MBSS. Study 2 compared the coping strategies of simple phobics, panic disorder patients and normal controls. Both simple phobics and panic disorder patients differed from normal control subjects by reporting greater use of avoidance coping strategies, and reduced use of cognitive threat devaluation. These findings are consistent with models of anxiety‐based disorders which implicate avoidance or escape in the maintenance of such disorders, or which identify the evaluation of the precipitating trauma as important in the acquisition of such disorder

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There has been much interest in recent years in the effective treatment of functional or psychosomatic symptoms such as irritable bowel syndrome. Functional bladder disorders appear to have received little attention from psychologists, although they may account for as many as 20 per cent of urology out‐patient referrals. Evidence is presented to support the existence of an irritable bladder syndrome which is characterized by urgency and frequency of micturition. Aetiological factors are considered and treatment approaches are briefly described and evaluated. Research to date is reviewed and suggestions are made for future research in this are

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY