摘要:

Personal Questionnaire (PQ) data were collected within a larger study (the Sheffield Psychotherapy Project) in which 40 professional and managerial workers with depression and/or anxiety received eight sessions of prescriptive (cognitive‐behavioural) and eight sessions of exploratory (relationship‐orientated) therapy in a cross‐over design with each client seeing the same therapist throughout. Concurrent validity of PQ ratings with two established outcome measures are presented and suggest differing patterns of association with different outcome measures. Results based on a group comparison design as well as differential trend analyses, in which each case is analysed as a single case within a group design, are presented and suggest a greater differential response to treatments when the treatment order is prescriptive followed by exploratory therapy. Findings are presented relating clients' responses to treatment with the individual characteristic of clients' age. Implications for clinical research and practice are disc

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experiment is described which investigated cognitive inhibition in schizophrenia. It is noted that both the abnormal and cognitive literatures use the concept of inhibition. Frith (1979) suggests that the more cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia may be due to the failure to limit the current contents of consciousness due to a failure adequately to inhibit the output of preconscious processes.Current thinking in cognitive psychology suggests that in the process of selective attention there is active inhibition of distractor information. A technique used to investigate this is termed negative priming (Tipper, 1985). The general nature of this paradigm is as follows: if a distractor, which has been previously ignored, is subsequently re‐presented, there is an increased reaction time associated with the response, due to inhibition of the information when it was originally a distractor.It was found that inhibition of such distracting information was reduced in schizophrenics. This finding is seen as providing some support for Frith's (1979) theory that the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are due to awareness of processes that normally occur preconsciousl

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three experiments are reported using the ‘negative priming’ paradigm to investigate cognitive differences in normal schizotypal subjects. Lists of Stroop colour words were presented at different display times in a number of priming and non‐priming conditions, in one of which the ignored colour name predicted the colour of the next target item. The increased RT latencies to the target normally found in this condition were reduced, or even reversed, in high schizotypal subjects selected on the basis of a new schizotypy scale (STA). This effect was confined to a very short presentation time (100 ms), suggesting that schizotypy is associated with weakened inhibition operating in the early (automatic) stages of information processing. The familiar Stroop (interference) effect was related overall to negative priming, but was not responsible for the schizotypy differ

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study examined the role of control expectancies in the formation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Israeli soldiers combat stress reactions (battle shock) casualties of the Lebanon War (1982). A random sample of 104 soldiers who fought in the Lebanon War and were identified as combat stress reaction casualties were clinically interviewed and given a battery of self‐report questionnaires a year after their participation in combat. In general, the components of Lazarus' stress‐illness model were predictive of the severity of PTSD. Greater appraisal of threat, more negative emotions, and more emotion‐focused coping were all found to predict a larger number of PTSD symptoms. Path analyses were performed separately for soldiers who reported that they were under high battle intensity and those who were under relatively low battle intensity. For low battle intensity, externals suffered more PTSD than internals. This relationship was due mainly to the indirect effects of locus of control via threat appraisal. These significant relationships were not found when battle intensity was high. The implications of the findings for the study of combat stress reactions and for the stress‐illness model are discussed. The relative impact of generalized control expectancies and situational factors are examined for the various components of th

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to conduct a component analysis of a group programme for chronic low back pain patients. Forty‐five patients participated in the pain control course, consisting of education about pain and a training in self‐hypnosis. A pain diary was used as a measure of pain intensity, up‐time and use of pain medication. Psychoneuroticism and depression were assessed using the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90). No evidence was found for a differential efficacy of education or self‐hypnosis on pain diary and SCL‐90 scores. On completion of the total treatment package, patients manifested statistically significant changes on all measures except reported pain intensity. It is suggested that the pain control course is a non‐invasive, inexpensive means of treatment which could be of some value in teaching even more severely disabled low back pain patients to cope more adequately with their pain problem. For this group of patients, a better adjustment to continuing pain may prove to be a more realistic therapy goal than

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study is described in which self‐reported self‐disclosure levels of Asian and British out‐patients to psychiatrists are examined as a function of racial and gender match to psychiatrist. Analysis of self‐disclosure scores for 77 subjects revealed no overall differences between Asian and British subjects, or between men and women. Asian subjects, however, reported being prepared to disclose significantly more to a psychiatrist of the same sex as themselves, regardless of race; no such effect was found for British subjects. British women reported being prepared to reveal significantly more to a psychiatrist of the same race as themselves; this effect was not observed in any of the other three subgroups. Implications of these findings for clinical practice are di

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00826.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An investigation of dietary restraint during adolescence was conducted in two phases. First, two school classes of 12‐ and 14‐year‐old girls completed a restraint questionnaire. Second, the functional nature of the restraint scores was assessed in 24 girls from each age group using a procedure previously shown to lead to overeating in restrained adults. A wide distribution of restraint scores was found, with restrained individuals present in both age groups. Restraint was found to be functional, predicting higher food consumption in a taste test after imagining eating highly palatable foods. Hunger ratings were elevated by the imagination procedure, although the extent of this increase was similar for both restrained and unrestrained girls. The girls' body weight index was significantly correlated with degree of restraint. The existence and breakdown of restraint at this young age is regarded with concern, particularly in view of the links between dieting and eating diso

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00828.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY