摘要:

Five obsessive‐compulsive patients were treated for intrusive thoughts by three sessions of repetition of the thought. Within‐ and between‐session changes in both frequency and subjective distress lent only partial support to the habituation and conditioned inhibition models which have been used to account for the effects of prolonged repetition. Alternative explanations should be s

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The notion of sex differences in depression is well documented in the clinical literature. The origin of such differences is rather less well understood, though some recent opinion has it that sex differences represent no more than measurement artifact based on social influences on the reporting of emotional symptoms. The present study examined sex differences in the reporting of depressive symptoms in a random sample of a general population. Differences in prevalence were found to exist in the expected direction. Moreover, it was found that sex differences held as prominently for somatic symptoms of depression as for emotional or affective symptoms. This latter point is contrary to predictions which can be made on the basis of the ‘artifact’ theory of sex differences in depression, and leads to the conclusion that such differences represent a real clinical phenome

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A German translation of the BSAG was completed by class‐teachers of children whose mothers had a history of alcoholism. These children were judged as showing significantly more over‐reactive behaviour in school than a control group of children whose mothers had no previous alcohol abuse. Furthermore, the alcoholic mothers also reported more over‐active behaviour in their own childhood. The results are supportive of retrospective studies with adult alcoholics which indicate that childhood hyperactivity may be one precursor of subsequent alcohol

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An eating pattern consisting of gorging, alternating with dieting and purging is identified as a clinical problem in patients of normal weight, in the obese, and in patients with anorexia nervosa. The clinical reports have used a variety of names for this problem, and this has obscured the similarity between the various descriptions. Another perspective on the problem is offered by the experimental research on dietary restraint and counter‐regulation. Counter‐regulation, found in subjects from all weight groups who are restricting their food intake, is construed as a laboratory version of an eating binge. The clinical and experimental reports are combined to provide suggestions for the aetiology and treatment of the problem of binge eat

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research has challenged the adequacy of conventional ‘placebo’ controls, by demonstrating that active treatments, such as systematic desensitization, are more credible than supposedly inert control conditions. Such findings give support to the hypothesis that the arousal of positive expectancies is the key to therapeutic change. Three experiments are reported, in which Borkovec's credibility rating method was applied to treatment comparisons modelled upon the findings of outcome research. In the first experiment, systematic desensitization was more credible than rational‐emotive and client‐centred therapy (P<0·001), consistent with an expectancy‐arousal explanation of Di Loreto's (1971) comparative outcome study. In the second experiment, Paul's (1966) attention placebo condition was less credible than three active treatments (P<0·001). In the third experiment,in vivodesensitization was in some respects more credible than imaginal desensitization, which was in turn more credible in some respects than relaxation alone (P<0·001). The results of the latter two experiments were broadly consistent with an expectancy‐arousal interpretation of much outcome literature. These results emphasize the insufficiency of merely including a designated ‘placebo control condition’ in outcome research (Kazdin&Wilcoxon, 1976). Credibility differences did not mirror precisely the results of the outcome research on which these studies were modelled, however. Methodological limitations are discussed, and further clinical research is advocated, in which the persuasiveness of treatment rationales is studied in its own right as a contribution to

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a personal construct theory approach, Radley (1974) proposes a theoretical view about the nature and genesis of schizophrenic thought disorder. In this study, we replicate some results of previous studies on which Radley relies and we test some implications of his view. A test, consisting of the four possible combinations of elicited and supplied constructs and elicited and supplied elements was administered on a group of schizophrenics, part of them being thought disordered (TD), part of them being not thought disordered (NTD) at the moment of testing and on a matched group of normals. An additional test was administered in order to obtain a maldistribution score. Our findings confirm most of the characteristics of the TD and NTD phase in schizophrenics, as proposed by Radley and they suggest some additions to that view. Moreover, they call for some changes in the scoring system of the Grid Test for Schizophrenic Thought Disorder (Bannister&Fransella, 1967) by using the Element Consistency, Social Agreement and Maldistribution scores and Intensity and Differentiation scores of only the retest.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY