摘要:

Four questions are asked about the use of social skills training procedures with mentally handicapped people. The first is, ‘What are social skills in the context of mental handicap?’, and it is suggested that they involve a complex array of perceptual, cognitive, motor and motivational processes, all of which can be disrupted due to various problems common among mentally handicapped people. The second question, ‘What changes do social skills training programmes aim to achieve?’, leads to the conclusion that most programmes have concentrated on motor, and to some extent on motivational processes, at the expense of perceptuo‐cognitive ones. In asking, ‘ Have the programmes been successful in achieving these changes?’, the answer is a guarded ‘yes’, given the limited aims of most investigators. Generalization to the natural environment has only occasionally been established, though it is often not measured. The fourth question is, ‘What is the clinical significance of the changes obtained by such programmes and how can future ones be made more clinically relevant?’. The answer to the first part of the question is that, in general, their clinical utility has not been established. Future programmes could be made more clinically relevant if they were integrated with strategies for producing more benign and stimulating environments for mental

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Expressed Emotion Index (EE) has been used with a high degree of success in predicting relapse of psychiatric patients in Great Britain. The present study examined the usefulness of EE as a predictor of weight loss maintenance in women in the United States. In a sample of 28, with a relapse rate of 50 per cent, EE correctly predicted maintenance for 78·5 per cent of the cases. A more economical, paper‐and‐pencil test of marital relationship (Relationship Style Inventory) correlated significantly with EE (r= 0·64) but did not successfully predict weight maintenance (r=

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three female psychogeriatric wards were selected for the study of behavioural programmes for the incontinent. Ward A underwent the full package of environmental changes and toilet training at the patients' peak evacuation times. Ward B combined five weeks of two‐hourly toileting with the environmental changes, whereas Ward C had only the environmental changes. The results showed that there was a small decrease in incontinence only when the full programme was implemented. The other two wards showed such a large deterioration of continence that the results on Ward A became significant in comparison with them. Variables such as age, cognitive state and length of stay had no effect upon the continence level at the end of the programme, whereas there was a clear association between the initial level of incontinence and the end results. The relevance of early treatment is discusse

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compares clients' and therapists' perceptions of individual therapist responses. Three segments of four responses each were sampled from early, middle, and late in actual therapy sessions with 16 client‐therapist pairs. Using interpersonal process recall, both therapists and clients independently described their perceptions of the therapist's response intentions in their own session. They also rated the impact of therapist responses according to four variables, including response helpfulness and therapist empathy. Client‐therapist agreements on intentions and impacts were computed using indices of both covariation and mean difference. Clients' and therapists' response‐by‐response reports of therapist intention were positively associated, but their average ratings for the session were not. On the other hand, their response‐by‐response ratings of impact were not associated, but their average ratings of helpfulness and affective impact were. Correlates of agreement were also studied. Contrary to expectations, length of therapeutic relationship was not correlated with client‐therapist agreement: in fact, there was a trend toward lower agreement for client‐therapist pairs of longer duration. Therapist experience also did not predict client‐th

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chronic back/joint pain patients participated in a comparative study of relaxation and operant therapies for chronic pain. Patients were randomly assigned to: (1) a waiting‐list control, or to either (2) an applied relaxation, or (3) an applied relaxation plus operant conditioning treatment programme. Waiting patients were subsequently randomly assigned to active treatment. The results indicated that the treatment groups tended to do significantly better than the waiting‐list control group for pain, medicine use, activity, and depression, but there were few clear differences between the treatment groups. Applied relaxation plus the operant programme was significantly better than relaxation for medicine reduction, and applied relaxation was better than relaxation and operant conditioning for a patient evaluation of reaching treatment goals. Within‐group and single‐subject analyses indicated that there were significant improvements between pre‐ and post‐tests for the treatment groups, but not for the waiting‐list control group. Follow‐up data indicated maintenance, and that applied relaxation had significantly lower pain ratings than applied relaxation plus operant conditioning. Taken as a whole, the results show that applied relaxation can produce significant decreases in pain, and that the addition of an operant programme does not improve pain reductions, but does tend to improve results with activity and especially medicine i

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study evaluated the efficacy of two automated behavioural treatment modalities used as a self‐control strategy (deep muscle relaxation and assertive training) as compared to two control groups (attention/placebo and no behavioural treatment) in a psychiatric out‐patient population. Results indicate that, as compared to the other groups, the relaxation group achieved a clinically substantial and statistically significant change. Furthermore, the efficacy of automated relaxation used as a self‐control strategy is sufficient to warrant its introduction as an adjunct psychiatric therapy in out‐patient psychiatric settings. More research is needed before automated assertive training as a self‐control strategy can be introduced to the clinic as an adjunc

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clients' percentage of disclosure (first person, subjective utterances) was compared with evaluative session ratings by clients, therapists, and an external rater across 43 psychotherapy sessions. In contrast to observers' perceptions, participants' perceptions of session depth and value were not correlated with client disclosure. Sessions high in disclosure (relative to the client's usual level) were rated from all three perspectives as relatively rough, unpleasant, difficult, and dangerous.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Low levels of behavioural care plan implementation and criticisms of the format of an earlier ‘classroom’ course led to a patient‐centred approach to training psychiatric nurses. The critical change involved a series of practical learning tasks with patients on the ward, leading to a single‐subject care plan. The 24 psychiatric nurses attending the new course achieved superior results on two of the skill measures by post‐testing. They also conducted more care plans and credited the course with more social validity than their predecessors (n= 41). These findings are important in showing how training formats can overcome institutional constraints on service i

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Social Creation of Mental Illness.ByRaymond Cochrane.Medical and Social Aspects of Alcohol Abuse.Edited byB. Tabakoff, P. Sutker&C. Randall.Applications of Personal Control: Advances in Environmental Psychology, vol. 2.Edited byA. Baum&J. E. Singer.The Practice of Clinical Psychology in Great Britain.Edited byAndree Liddell.Perspectives in Research on Headache.Edited byKenneth A. Holroyd, Barbara Schlote&Helmuth Zenz.Flooding and Implosive Therapy: Direct Therapeutic Exposure in Clinical Practice.ByP. A. Boudewyns&R. H. Shipley.Controlled Drinking, rev. ed.ByNick Heather&Ian Robertson.Child Abuse and Neglect: Research and Innovation.Edited byJerome E. Leavitt.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb01307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY