ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two new questionnaires were devised to investigate dimensions of complaint about tinnitus. Following a factor analysis of data provided by a sample of tinnitus patients who were administered the first questionnaire, the second questionnaire was developed. This included questions concerning coping attitudes and beliefs about tinnitus. The results of the two analyses were similar and they indicated the presence of three main dimensions of complaint (emotional distress, auditory perceptual difficulties, and sleep disturbance). However several smaller factors suggested that complaint was more complex than originally predicted. The second questionnaire successfully discriminated complaining from non‐complaining patient

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Results are presented from a study in which 40 therapist‐client pairs were asked to record, after each session of psychological therapy, their views concerning the helpful and unhelpful events which took place. On termination they were asked to describe their views of the helpful and unhelpful events in retrospect, and to report on outcome. A total of 1076 events was collected from 399 therapy sessions, and was content analysed using Elliott's Therapeutic Impact Content Analysis System. Results showed that during therapy the types of event most frequently reported by clients were reassurance/relief and problem solution events, whereas therapists reported the clients' gaining of cognitive and affective insight. After termination, both participants reported the importance to the client of personal contact. Many of the differences between the two perspectives were highly significant, although more differences were found when outcome was poor. It is suggested that different aspects of the therapeutic process have a different degree of salience for therapists and clients, in that clients are most interested in gaining a solution to their problems and feeling better, whereas therapists are more concerned with the aetiology of the problem and its transformation through insight. The implications of these differences are discusse

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A behavioural mapping procedure was used to describe the behavioural profile, pattern of interaction and location of patients and staff in a rehabilitation unit for traumatically spinal cord injured people. Naturalistic observations were randomly obtained by trained observers during two observational periods, using 10 behavioural categories drafted from the observational literature. Feedback of the results was given to staff between the observational periods. Results suggested that patients spent a considerable proportion of their time in solitary and disengaged behaviours. Analysis of the behavioural profile of patients revealed little difference between the therapeutic day and the evening. Patients were also observed to spend large amounts of time in the ward area during the day. These results are at variance with the concept of active rehabilitation, and also raise questions concerning institutionalization. The efficacy of feedback in initiating institutional change is also examined. Comparison is made with previous research and strategies for change are suggested.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rates of attempted suicide have increased in most Western countries over the past 20 years. This level of deliberate self‐harm is made more significant by the fact that a large proportion of attempted suicides will reattempt in the six months following their attempt and as a group they have a high risk of eventually killing themselves. While much of the research on prediction of suicidal behaviour has concentrated on demographic factors, little is known about the psychological variables that precede the suicidal act. This study examined 67 New Zealand suicide attempters on a range of psychological variables including self‐esteem, hopelessness, depression, cognitive rigidity and social skills. Subjects were followed up after six months to determine their level of suicidal behaviour and ideation. Results suggest hopelessness and self‐esteem are important indicators of future suicidal behaviour, with differential effects over short‐ and long‐term periods. The implications for psychological assessment and suicidal risk assignment are

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The selective processing of food‐ and body size‐related information was investigated using a modified version of the Stroop task. Anorexic subjects were generally slower than controls in colour‐naming all words, and particularly slow with food‐related words. This interference effect appeared to operate maximally amongst subjects who fell into the higher end of the anorexic weight range. The findings appeared to be a reflection of current concerns with food and

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The level of difficulty of each item of the Vocabulary scale of the WAIS—R was calculated for a British population. Discrepancies were shown between these and those in the US standardization that result in 14 per cent of British subjects recording correct answers beyond the official criterion for discontinuing the test. If these are ignored, the performance of 4 per cent of such subjects is undervalued by as much as two scaled score points. In order to minimize this it is suggested that the test be discontinued only after six consecutive failure

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two samples ‐ of 200 women tested in their homes and of 85 women attending a general practice ‐ completed the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ). The scores of the two samples on General Hostility and on the five subscales ‐ AH, CO, PH, G and SC ‐ were similar to one another but were significantly higher, indicating greater hostility, than those of the normative samples reported in the HDHQ Manual. These and previous findings cast doubt on the value of the Manua

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A reduction in tea and coffee drinking is popularly advocated for the relief of tension and anxiety symptoms, and it was decided to collect empirical data on this matter in the course of normal clinical practice. It was found that patients who made substantial reductions in caffeine drinking also made the greatest improvements in anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbance, headaches and abdominal symptoms. The methodology leaves an ambiguity in the interpretation of this result, but the data provide a useful basis for the design of further studies.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY