摘要:

The article reviews methodological issues relating to planning surveys of long‐stay populations and describes the development of an assessment instrument, the Community Placement Questionnaire, designed to aid planning for long‐stay patients resident in hospitals scheduled for rundown or closure. Reliability and validity data are presented and the advantages and limitations of the instrument are discus

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00938.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hallucinating psychiatric patients, patients with delusions but without a history of hallucinations and normal controls were compared on a reality‐monitoring task in which they were first required to generate answers to easy or difficult clues and to listen to low‐probability or high‐probability paired associates. After an interval of one week, the subjects were presented with a list in which their answers to the clues were mixed with the associates and with words not previously presented, and they were required to identify the source of each item (self‐generated, presented by the experimenter or new). The psychiatric patients were generally less accurate in identifying the source of the items in comparison with the normal controls. However, hallucinators more often misattributed high cognitive effort self‐generated items (answers to difficult clues) to the experimenter than either the psychiatric or the normal controls. The results are interpreted as consistent with the hypothesis that hallucinations are self‐generated events misattributed to an exte

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00939.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Beardsall&Brayne (1990) have presented a method whereby the full‐length National Adult Reading Test (NART) scores of subjects who are of below average reading ability can be predicted from performance on the first half of the test (termed the Short NART). The accuracy with which the Short NART predicted full‐length NART scores was examined in a large cross‐validation sample (N= 674). A subgroup of this sample (N= 142) was administered the WAIS. The results indicated that the Short NART was only moderately successful in predicting full‐length NART scores. However, comparison of the accuracy with which the full‐length NART and Short NART predicted WAIS IQs, revealed that the superiority of the former was very minimal. It is concluded that, despite some reservations regarding the Short NART's practical utility, it can be used with reasonable confidence in clinical practice to estimate pre

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00940.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ‘expressed emotion’ (EE) of the key relatives of 30 severely obese patients was assessed on intake to a calorie‐restricted diet programme. At the same time the patients and 30 matched controls were administered the MMPI ‘panic‐fear’ scale. After five months on the diet the weight of the patients was measured, and weight loss or gain in the five‐month period was used as an indicator of compliance or noncompliance with the treatment. The results indicated that the obese patients showed more anxiety (measured by the panic‐fear scale) than did the control subjects. Compliant patients had lower panic‐fear scores than did non‐compliant patients, and patients living with a high EE relative were much less likely to comply with treatment than were those living with a low EE relative. Patients with a high EE relative were more likely to have a high panic‐fear score. The results suggest that dietary treatments for obesity need to be accompanied by both individual and family beha

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00941.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Both anticholinergic and neuroleptic drugs were withdrawn from eight long‐stay hospitalized chronic schizophrenics. These patients and normal controls were then tested on Calev, Venables&Monk's (1983) immediate and delayed matched recall tasks to evaluate their rate of forgetting of verbal well‐encoded materials. The results showed rapid forgetting in schizophrenics. This finding suggests that a post‐encoding deficit characterizes long‐stay schizophrenics after drug withdrawal. Cognitive and brain pathologies that may explain these results are di

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00942.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of young adults completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire and measures of depressive affect and hopelessness on two occasions separated by a time interval of three years. Attributional style was demonstrated to be relatively stable over this time period, and was correlated with the measures of psychological well‐being. Specifically, those who scored highest on depressive affect and hopelessness attributed good outcomes more externally and less stably, and attributed bad outcomes to relatively more stable and global causes. In contrast to the hopelessness model of depression, however, multiple regression analyses showed that depressive attributions were not antecedent to increased psychological distress; nor were they a consequence. Furthermore, negative life‐events did not contribute to the prediction. It was concluded that the data are most consonant with Brewin's (1985) symptom model, in which depressive attributions are a concomitant or symptom of depression but have no causal impact on the onset or course of the disor

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00943.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A statistical method of profile analysis originally suggested by Huba (1985, 1986), the Mahalanobis distance,D2, is described and discussed with reference to its use with the Wechsler scales. Examples are given to illustrate the properties ofD2and two BASIC computer programs are presented that will calculateD2; one for the WAIS‐R and the other which can be readily adapted to the test selection of the user's choice. It is argued thatD2is a useful addition to existing methods of statistical analysis of the Wechsler scale

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00944.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The eating patterns of restrained and unrestrained nine‐year‐old girls were compared. Prospective seven‐day food diary records showed the restrained girls to eat significantly less energy and dietary fibre than the unrestrained. Their ratings of hunger were also significantly higher. Most nutritional indicators, however, showed their diet to be of adequate quality. The translation of dieting concerns into dieting behaviour by nine‐year‐olds may increase their susceptibility to future clinical eating

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00945.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study considers the importance of demographic and psychosocial variables in return to work following a first myocardial infarction. Those patients who returned to work within two months of their infarct, compared with those who had not returned, tended to be younger and of higher socio‐economic status. They were also more likely to have an internal locus of control and to have attributed their MI to occupational stressors. Conversely, patients who had not resumed employment one year following their infarction, in comparison with those who had, were likely to be of lower socio‐economic status and to have been more depressed immediately following their heart att

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00946.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study concerns the microstructure of pessimistic judgements concerning personal performance in the depressed. The cognitive bias hypothesis was only supported for global estimates of performance and not for trial‐by‐trial decisions. This weakens the view that there is a fixed cognitive pessimistic bias and leaves open the possibility either that differences relate to the assessment of frequency or to protective strategies operated by the depres

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00947.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY