摘要:

This article outlines the major principles for constructing good graphs and visual displays. Several methods for exploring time series data with graphical techniques are given: these include procedures for summarizing the central tendency of data, plotting linear and non‐linear trend, and displaying variability and change in variability over time. We emphasize the need to explore single‐case data thoroughly in order to highlight various components. Graphical analysis should be conducted in tandem with statistical analy

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The psychological problems and difficulties experienced by adults who report having been sexually abused in childhood are reviewed. These long‐term effects include damage to the victims' emotional reactions and self‐perceptions, relationship problems, problems with sexuality and difficulties in social functioning. Common presenting problems of victims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are described. Also discussed are the characteristics of incestuous abuse in terms of the victim, the abusive relationship and its termination; the contributions of the various aspects of CSA to the psychological impact of such abuse; and psychodynamic explanations of the development of long‐term effects. The bulk of the published material regarding the long‐term effects of CSA refers to female victims only, and this ‘bias’ is reflected in

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐four girls who survived the sinking of the ‘Jupiter’ in October 1988 were screened 10 days after the accident on the Impact of Events Scale, the Birleson Depression Scale and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Scores at 10 days were associated strongly with help seeking over the following few months and were highly predictive of scores five months after the accident. Survivors were clearly differentiated from controls on all three measures. The battery seems useful in screening post‐traumatic stress disorders in teenage c

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Traditional explanations of schizophrenics' cognitive deficits have considered faulty selective attention as a single stage, categorical phenomenon. This study examined selective attention as a process that operates with varying degrees of efficiency throughout information processing, including the recoding of stimuli from the perceptual register. The results suggested both a deficiency in the reservoir of attentional capacity for schizophrenics and a greater depletion of such capacity.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Beck's cognitive model of depression suggests the importance of cognitive distortions, such as overgeneralization and personalization, in the aetiology of depression. Larsen, Diener&Cropanzano (1987) developed a method for directly measuring the cognitive operations of overgeneralization and personalization in the reactions of normal subjects to experimentally presented visual stimuli. The present study employed this method to examine the relationship between use of these cognitive operations and the personality dimensions of affect intensity, neuroticism and extraversion. Results showed that high scorers on affect intensity exhibited more evidence of overgeneralization and personalization, replicating Larsenet al.'s (1987) findings, with a similar effect for neuroticism. The results suggest that the persistent differences in response to emotional events measured by the traits of affect intensity and neuroticism may be mediated by particular styles of cognitive processing.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article reports the development of a children's version of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (a screening test for memory impairment in adults). The test is based on memory tasks involved in normal daily life, and has four parallel versions to allow monitoring of change. Eighty‐five children between the ages of 5:0 and 10:0 years each experienced two versions of the adapted test, and undertook additional intelligence and memory tests drawn from the British Ability Scales and the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children‐Revised. Performance on the adapted test correlated with Intelligence score for 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds only, with Digit Span performance for 7‐ and 8–9‐year‐olds, and with Memory score for 6‐year‐olds only. The results establish the feasibility of using a test of everyday memory with children as young as 5:0 years, and justify trials of the test with

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The striving after perfection has been often mentioned in clinical literature; however, there have been few systematic analyses of the concept. In the present study, a questionnaire measure of Perfectionism and General Dissatisfaction (the SCANS) together with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and measures thought to gauge aspects of perfectionistic thinking, were administered to a mixed group of 148 subjects, including 25 eating disorder patients. Perfectionism was found to correlate negatively with Psychoticism (as measured by the EPQ) and positively with the Lie scale. Thus Perfectionism appears to be associated with a tendency to deny personally deviant behaviour and to present oneself in the best possible light. It is also associated with greater accuracy in a visual search task.General Dissatisfaction was correlated significantly with Neuroticism, Introversion and Psychoticism. It thus appears to be related to a combination of ‘neurotic introversion’ and ‘personality deviance’. It is also associated with a tendency to be under‐inclusive, that is to find difficulty in ruling out irrelevant stimuli when forming categories. Dissatisfaction was also associated with increased reaction time in the visual search task, perhaps also a reflection of an inability to ignore irrelevant stimuli.Only the EPQ N and P scales successfully differentiated neurotic or dissatisfied perfectionists from normal or satisfied perfectionists, although several measures derived from the visual search task produced results which were approaching sig

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to investigate factors associated with chronic blushing, 108 self‐defined chronic blushers completed a series of self‐report inventories. Severe chronic blushing was associated with social anxiety, state and trait anxiety and depression, but not with general physical sensations. Implications of the results for understanding chronic blushing are discus

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The NART is frequently used to estimate the premorbid intellectual ability of subjects undergoing neuropsychological assessment for a variety of reasons. Although the NART has been shown to hold in dementia, depression and head injury, reports to date have inferred premorbid IQs with no actual data on premorbid functioning. This is a case report of a man who sustained a severe head injury on whom an intelligence test had been administered in childhood. The NART produced a very accurate estimate of his pre‐injury I

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00934.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A variation of procedure is described which greatly reduces the time required to administer Mulhall's PQRST. It lessens the sensitivity of the scale but retains other features. It uses the same materials as PQRST with some minor clerical alterations and, like the PQRST, takes less time to construct than Shapiro's original PQ. It has been used routinely with general practice and psychiatry out‐patient referrals and is likely to have clinical rather than research applicatio

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00935.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY