摘要:

This paper describes the development of indices of the quality of social support in the family (FRI) and work (WRI) environments. Respondents were a randomly selected community sample of 267 men and 267 women adult family members. The FRI and WRI were found to have high reliability and good concurrent and construct validity. The FRI and WRI (for male respondents) were negatively related to physical and psychological symptoms, and both indices showed moderate positive relationships to a traditional measure of social support.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous investigations have consistently found differential effects of induced moods on the accessibility of personal memories differing in hedonic tone. Findings for effects of retrieval mood on recall of verbal material have been less consistent. This study examined the effect of induced mood on the recall of previously learned personality trait words. Trait words were presented in normal mood and recall tested in elated or depressed mood. More positive words were recalled in elated than in depressed mood. Conversely, more negative words were recalled in depressed than in elated mood. There was no effect of mood on the recall of neutral words. Subjects in whom the mood induction procedures had failed to affect mood substantially did not show differential word recall.Differential effects of retrieval mood on recall of verbal material can be shown, but the nature of the material may be important. It may be necessary for the material to have been differentially associated with mood states in the subjects's life experience. This suggestion is discussed within Bower's (1981) associative network theory of mood and memory, and the implications for models of depression are considered.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Predictions from a negative self‐schema model of depression were tested using decision speed and recall measures for self and other person‐referent positive and negative adjectives. Clinical depressives, compared to non‐psychiatric controls, recalled more negative than positive self‐referent adjectives, although there were no differences between groups in decision speed. Depressives' negative bias in recall applied only to the self‐referent conditions; in the other referent conditions they exhibited the normal tendency towards positive recall bias. The self‐referent recall bias in depressives did not relate significantly to either duration or intensity of depression. The results appear to be consistent with expectations derived from a negative self‐schema model of depression, but alternative explanations remain to be

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effectiveness of various tension‐reducing techniques was investigated. Sixty‐three subjects were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (EMG feedback, finger temperature feedback, EMGplusfinger temperature feedback, autogenic training), a placebo control group, and a waiting‐list control group. Physiological as well as a variety of cognitive measures were used to monitor changes in tension. The results showed no significant difference in effectiveness between the six groups. On virtually all cognitive measures there were significant decreases in tension, but not on the physiological measures. The decreases in tension on the cognitive measures were interpreted to be the results of non‐specific (placebo) effects. These non‐specific effects were not short‐term, but did persist for at least three months after completion o

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Accurate and well‐differentiated cognitive representations about the social world are an important prerequisite of skilled social behaviour. The aim of this study was to demonstrate empirically that a significant relationship exists between social skill and the way an actor perceives and interprets various interaction episodes. Based on a free‐response diary study, the most typical and common interaction episodes in a subcultural milieu were established. A second sample from the same milieu were asked (a) to indicate their perception of these episodes, and (b) to complete a battery of social skill assessment scales as well as personality scales. The episode judgements data were analysed using an Individual Differences Multidimensional Scaling (INDSCAL) procedure, identifying three episode dimensions (social anxiety, evaluation and perceived intensity). Subjects falling within the top and the bottom quartiles of the distribution on the social skills measures had significantly different cognitive representations about these episodes, with low skilled actors relying on the social anxiety dimension, and high skilled actors on the evaluation and intensity dimensions most heavily. The nature of these differences was further explicated by a canonical correlation analysis, showing that sex and personality variables were also related to episode cognition. The results are interpreted as indicating the important role episode representations play in social skills, and the implications of the findings for social skills assessment and therapy are discus

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Current evidence indicates that anxiety responses may be multifaceted. To assess separately cognitive and somatic components of trait anxiety, Schwartzet al.(1978) devised the CSAQ, but provided no psychometric evidence that the CSAQ effectively differentiates between such dimensions. To explore the CSAQ's dimensional structure, responses from 100 subjects were factor analysed. Oblique rotation yielded a predominantly somatic, an exclusively cognitive and a minor somatic factor. Specification of two factors for rotation yielded an oblique pattern corresponding predominantly with the somatic and exclusively with most of the cognitive items of the CSAQ. These results are consistent with the Schwartzet al.multiprocess model.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relevance of assessment to the psychological management of elderly patients is outlined. Issues raised by Kendrick (1982) and Rabbitt (1982) are discussed in this context.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A test of verbal recognition, yielding separate scores for semantic and acoustic distractor errors as well as a simple recognition score, successfully discriminated between various groups of brain‐damaged, depressive, and normal subjects in a sequence predictable from their pathology. However, the profile of distractor errors was similar for all groups tested, with a consistent tendency for subjects to make more semantic errors than acoustic errors in all cases. It was concluded that the failure to find qualitative coding differences was probably a consequence of the procedure used and did not necessarily contradict previous findings that amnesics were less effective than normal subjects in coding semanticall

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The validity of the alternate forms of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale and the underlying dimensionality of the three test scales were investigated using 70 male and 77 female British university students. A classical item analysis, principal component and image component factor analysis were undertaken. The results indicated that the alternate forms could be considered parallel. However, a sex difference appeared in the factor structure of the test such that the male sample yielded only two factors while the female sample yielded the three scale factors as expected.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is argued that the Consistency score derived from the Grid Test of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder is not the most sensitive index of stability between the identical grid forms in identifying the pattern of relations between constructs. The SASD score is proposed as an alternative to the Consistency score. The present study indicates that the SASD score is a more valid measure of the stability between the identical grid forms.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY