摘要:

The presentation of dissociative symptoms is not uncommon in clinical settings, particularly when the client has suffered trauma. The phenomenon of dissociation ranges from benign incidents, such as daydreaming, to potentially life‐threatening experiences when it precipitates self‐harm. Its presentation may be subtle, belying the distress which it can provoke. Cognitive therapists are well equipped to help clients formulate a working conceptualization of the dissociative episode and to develop a range of coping skills to manage and overcome the experience. This paper discusses practical ways in which the cognitive therapist can use standard and schema‐focused cognitive therapy to help clients to better deal with the distressing aspects of dissoci

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The goals of this study were: (a) to determine which among a set of depression‐related psychosocial variables are state‐dependent; (b) to examine whether state trait distinctions among psychosocial variables are a function of gender; and (c) to test the hypothesis that state‐dependence of psychosocial variables is mostly evident in people with a history of clinical depression. Altogether, 562 participants residing in two communities completed a battery of psychosocial measures at point of entry into the study (T1) and after an average interval of 8.3 months (T2). The state‐dependence of psychosocial variables was examined in two groups of participants: (a) low‐high (LH: those who were low on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at T1 and high at T2;N= 45); and (b) high‐low (HL: those who were high at T1 and low at T2;N= 64). The following variables were found to be state‐dependent: engagement in pleasant and unpleasant events; frequency of social contacts; dissatisfaction with oneself, one's neighborhood dwelling and one's friends; irrational beliefs, and positive and negative expectancies. In contrast, the following variables were not state‐dependent: dissatisfaction with family and job, perception of control, and external attributions for positive and negative events. State‐dependence was not moderated by age, gender or a history of depression. Possible explanations for why some variables are state‐dependent and others are not state‐

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to identify some of the variables influencing public level of acceptance and attitudes towards people with a mental illness, a social distance scale accompanying a case vignette was sent to 488 postal respondents. The vignette contained systematically varied residence labels (psychiatric hospital/community) and behaviours (disturbed/control). There was a 43 per cent response rate. The results showed that social rejection was influenced by the behaviour described in the vignette, the respondents' judgement about the behaviour, and the respondents' previous contact with people with mental illness. The given residence label had an impact on only one component of social rejection and only for those presented with the control vignette. The findings are discussed in relation to current community care policies.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study aimed to investigate the incidence and nature of memory impairment late after stroke. Out of 193 patients between 12 to 36 months post‐cerebrovascular accident contacted in a postal survey, 113 replied that they had experienced memory impairment following the stroke. Seventy of these patients were assessed on an adapted version of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, Warrington's Recognition Memory Test for words and faces, and an everyday memory questionnaire. The Token Test and the Benton Facial Recognition Test were also administered as measures of language and visuoperceptual processing. Thirty‐five of the patients were impaired on one or more of the memory measures. Of these, 16 showed no evidence of dysphasia or visuoperceptual impairment. The 16 cases of selective memory impairment typically had mild to moderate deficits, and only three were impaired across all three tests. The results suggest that memory impairment following stroke does not necessarily involve general memory impairment. The evidence for material‐specific memory deficits was much w

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cognitive model of binge eating states that it is the awareness of a broken diet that disinhibits the restrained eater. It is, according to that model, theperceptionof having overeaten that triggers disinhibited eating. However, although the perception of the amount eaten plays a central role in cognitive restraint theory, it has never directly been tested how restrained subjects perceive the amount of food they eat. In the present studies, participants were givenad libitumaccess to large amounts of palatable food and both their perception of the amount eaten and their estimated caloric intake were compared with the amount they actually ate. The restrained participants in these studies ate more than the unrestrained participants. In the first and second studies, the restrained participants consumed 571 and 372 ‘forbidden’ calories respectively, without having the feeling that they had eaten very much, let alone too much. Moreover in both studies, the restrained eaters underestimated their caloric intake, whereas unrestrained eaters estimated their caloric intake quite well. The potential implications of the present findings for the cognitive restraint model are discus

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The utility of the Health Belief Model to explain compliance with depot neuroleptic medication is examined. Perceived severity, susceptibility and benefits were found to be related to compliance, although costs were not. In addition, insight, knowledge about schizophrenia and health locus of control were not found to be related to compliance.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty people admitted to hospital with a predominantly minor head injury were interviewed six months and three years later. As a group, they showed evidence of post‐traumatic stress disorder consistent with the DSM‐III‐R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) definition, and psychological distress as measured by the Impact of Event scale and the General Health Questionnaire. In addition, changes in self‐concept were measured and a prominent theme emerged of the discontinuity in the participants' sense of self following the head injury. These changes showed a significant relationship with psychological symptoms. Occupational and social functioning of the participants is also reported. It is suggested that disturbance and change following minor head injury is common and can be

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cognitive therapy for affective disorders has been recently adapted and developed for the treatment of personality disorders. In the present study, a specific and detailed cognitive therapy treatment manual for borderline and antisocial personality disorders was evaluated in a pilot study. The results of a single case series demonstrate that important clinical changes in dysfunctional behaviour and attitudes can be achieved with short‐term cognitive therapy in patients with antisocial and borderline personality disorders, although these were not, on the whole, statistically significan

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most neuropsychological measures of executive function provide only global indices of performance and are relatively insensitive to lateralized dysfunction. The present paper presents a right temporal lobectomy patient whose performance indicates that the California Card Sorting Test, a new measure of executive function, may dissociate verbal and non‐verbal concept formation abilities. This case highlights the potential research and clinical value of this test compared to that of existing tests of executive functio

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Self‐directed treatment has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. This paper shows that compliance with a manual is related to outcome. Forty per cent of high compliers achieved full remission after eight weeks with a manual, compared with only 5 per cent of low compliers. Furthermore, patients with greater weight and shape concerns were less likely to use a manual while those with a longer duration of illness were more likely to use i

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY