摘要:

This article reviews 133 articles written since 1977 on the topic of otosclerosis. From this number, we have selected a smaller number for analysis owing to limitations in space. In addition we have reviewed previously unpublished papers of the State of the Art conference on Labyrinthine Otospongiosis held in June, 1979 in Lake Bluff, Illinois. Lastly, we draw from the unique experience of our mentors on the topic of otosclerosis: George E. Shambaugh, Jr. of Chicago and Jean Causse of Beziers, France. The collective experience of the two centers can account for more than 8000 fenestrations, 30,000 stapedectomies, and 20,000 persons under sodium fluoride treatment.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The symposium on electron microscopy of the ear was held at the House Ear Institute in Los Angeles in September 1980. The following special abstracts and selected papers are the conclusion of this special section which first appeared in the October 1981 issue of theAJO.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Light and electron-microscopic studies of the tissue from middle ears diagnosed as having tympanosclerosis, adhesive otitis media, postinflammatory ossicular fixation, and chronic otitis media revealed more or less similar findings of inflammatory response and healing. The histopathologic findings of “whitish sclerotic masses,” especially around the ossicular chains, were due to fibrosis of submucosal connective tissue with hyalinization and calcification and/or metaplasia of mucosal epithelium. Longstanding and repeated undrained suppurative or nonsuppurative effusions would promote progressively more dense and avascular fibrous adhesions in the tympanum. The extensive fibrous changes in the tympanum would be a consequence of inadequate antibiotic therapy for middle ear inflammation and effusion. A new diagnostic term of tympanomastoidfibrosis is proposed to explain these clinical and histopathologic conditions as a replacement for the terms tympanosclerosis, adhesive otitis media, inflammatory ossicular fixation, and so on.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four temporal bones of human newbons were studied with light and electron microscopy. In contrast to the adult human spiral ganglion as described by Kimura and coworkers, that of the newborn baby shows no myelination, either of the large ganglion cells or of the small. Whereas in adults the small ganglion cells contain neurofilaments or neruotubles, newborns have no cytoplasmic criteria by which to differentiate large and small neurons. Except for the small neurons, unmyelinated nerve fibers end on the surface of the ganglion cell or they penetrate into the cytoplasm. They form synaptic contacts. It is assumed that they belong to the efferent intraganglionic spiral bundle.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Bone resorption is a significant component of chronic inflammatory ear disease. Bone is a unique tissue requiring both demineralization and collagen degradation for breakdown. Mineral removal probably occurs prior to collagen destruction. A localized change in pH may be one of the mechanisms that induces demineralization. Localized accumulations of lysosomal acid hydrolases could provide the acidic environment necessary for mineral removal. The present study utilizes the electron microscope to localize the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase in specimens removed from patients with chronic otitis media.Areas of localized bone resorption exhibited mononuclear inflammatory cells attached to the resorption margin. These cells contained abundant acid phosphatase, as did isolated fibroblasts within the zone of inflammation at the resorption margin. Extra cellular acid phosphatase was seen in these areas. Within the bone, osteocytes adjacent to resorption displayed increased cytoplasmic organelle patterns and contained the acid phosphatase reaction.The localization of destructive enzymes in mononuclear inflammatory cells and osteocytes explains the bony destructive changes observed in human chronic otitis media in the absence of multinucleated osteoclasts.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Considerable interest has been raised in recent years concerning the basic mechanisms involved in bone destruction and rebuilding in the otospongiotic focus.Under general bone resorption the osteoclasts play a decisive role, but in otospongiotic tissue electron-microscopic and cytochemical studies have shown that osteoclasts alone are not responsible for the bone resorption. Mononuclear histiocytes found in the marrow spaces and in the surrounding bone of an otospongiotic focus together with osteocytes take active part in the resorption. Cytochemical studies of acid phosphatase activity have shown that hydrolases in the lysosomes are expelled into the surrounding tissue, resulting in its resorption.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Doctors' Discussion is a regular feature of the American Journal of Otology and represents a summary of the actual Thursday evening discussion at the Otologic Medical Group in Los Angeles. The following is a summary of the meeting taped on Thursday, June 18, 1981. Presiding was James L. Sheehy, M.D., and participants in the discussion were Doctors Howard House, Fred Linthicum, Derald Brackman, Antionio De La Cruz, John W. House, Ralph Nelson, Jerald Robinsin. William Luxford, and Hitselberger. Also present were Dr. Johnson, Linda Dal Soglio and Rhonda Marks from the audiology staff.On this evening three cases of Meniere's problems were discussed. The first case dealt largely with the problems of the allergic patient and Meniere's disease. The next cases dealt with destructive surgery in Meniere's disease and its effect on the contralateral ear, the issue of when to operate on a patient with an only hearing Meniere's ear. The fourth case dealt with autolmmune disease and hearing loss in a patient who had a markedly elevated sedimentation rate. The subsequent case dealt with the advances of input compression aids, and aiding children with unilateral hearing losses. The sixth case dealt with facial twitch and its relationship to angle cholesteatoma. The seventh case concerned pendular tracking abnormalities. And, the final case was about medical treatment of tinnitus. Active discussion centered especially around the question of allergy treatment of Meniere's disease, and surgery on the only hearing ear affected by Meniere's disease.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID