摘要:

Thirty-seven patients with acute Bell's palsy who had complete unilateral facial paralysis were selected for this study. Evoked electromyography, conduction latency, electromyography, and nerve excitability testing was done by one author while the maximal stimulation test was done by another on each patient. The patients were examined within ten days of onset of facial paralysis and evaluated six months after onset to determine the degree of recovery of facial motor function. The results of the tests were correlated with the degree of recovery of facial motor function in each patient. Evoked electromyography and maximal stimulation tests were the most accurate electrical tests for predicting the course of acute facial paralysis when they were performed serially within the first ten days after onset. When the results of the maximal stimulation test were equal on the involved and uninvolved sides of the face, there was a 92 percent chance of complete recovery of facial function on the involved side. In those patients in whom the response to the maximal stimulation test was markedly reduced or absent, there was an 86 percent chance of incomplete recovery of facial function. When the response to evoked electromyography on the involved side was 30 percent or greater of that on the normal side, 84 percent of the patients had complete recovery of facial function; however, when the response was 25 percent or less of normal, there was an 88 percent chance of incomplete recovery. The results of evoked EMG and the maximal stimulation test agreed in 89 percent of cases in predicting the ultimate outcome of facial paralysis.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Radiation induced carcinoma of the middle ear is rare. Only four cases have been reported; an additional case is now described. The treatment approach for radiation induced carcinoma of the middle ear has not yet been established. Radiation therapy for advanced cases is discussed as an alternative to surgical treatment. Previous reported cases are reviewed.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In many of the reports dealing with disorders of the human inner ear the histology comes from temporal bone dissection. In the past decade the scanning electron microscope has changed, to a degree, the approach to inner ear investigation. However, many problems remain with adequate preservation of specimens from human temporal bones. Ordinarily, human material is obtained from cadavers at autopsy as soon as possible after death, and postmortem changes are evident. At the Otologic Medical Group, Inc., in Los Angeles, many translabyrinthine operations for acoustic neuromas are performed. This report covers findings from vestibular specimens obtained during surgery for removal of acoustic neuromas (four cases) and during eighth nerve surgery (one case).

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We report the case of a male patient with hearing loss in the right ear, tinnitus, attacks of vertigo, and audiologic and otoneurologic symptoms of inner ear disease in whom investigations were carried out to clarify the pathogenesis of these disorders.First a glycerol test was performed with salt loading. On the third day of salt loading prior to the glycerol test, a sudden deterioration in hearing developed in the affected ear, and the patient complained of tinnitus and vertigo. He was given the usual dose of glycerol but no improvement in hearing occurred. As a result of the initiated vasodilating therapy, hearing was improved and his complaints ceased.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The results obtained by conventional otologic evaluation are reported for fifty-nine patients with acoustic neuromas, sixty-one patients primarily suspected of an acoustic neuroma but in whom Pantopaque cisternography had invalidated the diagnosis, and in seventy-one patients with Meniere's disease. The audiologic tests were confined to the following: pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, recruitment examination by ABLB and Metz recruitment tests, and examination for reflex decay a.m. Anderson.Nineteen patients had an audiogram taken at their initial visit with the otologist, and already at this examination–4.2 years before the diagnosis was made–a high-tone hearing impairment was present.Fourteen patients had anacusis in the tumor ear and one patient had an impairment of 90 dB. The audiologic evaluations are based only on patients with hearing equal to or better than 80 dB. There was no connection between preoperative hearing impairment and the age at operation, and anacusis was found in all age groups.Four patients had recruitment by the ABLB test and six patients by the Metz recruitment test. When these two tests were combined, two patients had recruitment by both tests. Twenty percent had pathologic stapedial reflex decay. Only one patient had a normal differential caloric test.It is concluded that the typical patient with an acoustic neuroma has a gradually increasing unilateral hearing impairment of eight years' duration. A pronounced high-tone impairment with PTA of 55 dB and a poor discrimination score are to be expected. The patient is uncertain at pure-tone threshold determination and displays a lack of recruitment at both ABLB and Metz recruitment tests. The patient has a decreased or nonexistent differential caloric reaction in the ear in question. A normal differential caloric test does in all probability exclude an acoustic neuroma; however, all possible audiometric and anamnestic configurations may be encountered, and deviation from the “typical” picture should not lure the investigator into excluding the presence of a neuroma.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is difficult or impossible to obtain air or bone conduction threshold levels in some cases of moderately severe conductive involvement because it may be impossible to mask the nontest ear without also masking the test ear. This has been termed the “masking dilemma.” In most of these “masking dilemma” cases the fusion at the inferred threshold (FIT) test can determine the air conduction hearing levels, and in some cases the sensorineural acuity level (SAL) test can help determine the sensorineural function.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We studied tissue reaction to polymeric silicone (Silastic), polythylene, tantalum wire, and polytetrafluorethylene (Teflon) in temporal bones and to Silastic in removed shunt tubes. A purpose of this study was to determine which synthetic material is best for insulation of cochlear implant electrodes. We found fibrous tissue around all shunt tubes and in all bones, giant cells in some specimens, and lymphocytic infiltration in a few.We consider none of these findings to indicate bioincompatibility, except in one case with a presumed idiosyncratic reaction to Silastic. We conclude that all four materials are well tolerated by the human ear. Our finding that Silastic is well tolerated for long periods of time leads us to conclude that it is a good choice for insulation for implanted wires.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ultrastructural development of utricular and saccular maculae in man and rat is described.In the human fetus with a crown-rump length (CRL) of 50 mm, the utricular and saccular epithelia consist of a pseudostratified layer of dark and light cells without nerve endings. In human fetuses of 110 and 220 mm CRL, as well as in 17− and 18-day-old rat embryos, it is already possible to identify sensory and supporting cells in various stages of differentiation. Nerve endings can also be found. Ciliogenesis is present in both sensory and supporting cells of the 17− and 18-day-old rat embryos.During epithelial differentiation a heavy calcium deposition occurs on ves-tibular cells of both man and rat. Otoconial mineralization increases gradually as epithelial maturation advances. Phagocytosis of otoconia by free macrophages occurs in 50-mm CRL human fetuses.Vestibular nerve myelination is asynchronous and is present in 110-mm CRL human fetuses and in 30-minute postpartum rats.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID