摘要:

This paper studies three possible sites of action of drugs used for treatment of symptoms in ageing: blood (increasing flow, capillary bed, nutriment supply), the blood brain barrier (stabilization and/or increase of transfer rate), and the cell (increasing energetics, intermediary and/or neurotransmitter metabolism).

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212825

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An overall view is presented of the most used models in aged and in young (deficient and standard) animals as well as of some so-called pro-geriatric manipulations. Life-span studies, electrophysiological (EEG and evoked potentials) and behavioural models are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed upon the complex correlations (electrophysiological and behavioural) between animal (rodents and mammals) and human pharmacology in the field of interhemispheric, mainly callosal, connection.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212826

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The responses of plasma cortisol, aldosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) to graded ACTH infusions (from 50 mU/h to 1,000 mU/h) in elderly subjects were compared with those in young subjects. There were no significant differences between young and elderly subjects in terms of the levels of plasma cortisol during ACTH infusion. The increment in median serum cortisol increase observed in elderly subjects was also equal to that found in young subjects. Plasma aldosterone concentration showed a gradual increase in response to ACTH infusion in both young and elderly individuals. There was no significant difference between the response of young and aged subjects. Significant increases in serum DHEA in response to ACTH infusion were observed in both young and aged individuals, however, the median increase of serum DHEA (ΔDHEA) in the elderly subjects was markedly lower than that in the young ones. Serum DHEA-S concentrations prior to ACTH infusion were significantly lower in the elderly subjects. With graded infusions of ACTH, plasma DHEA-S concentrations in young subjects tended to increase gradually, whereas there was no significant increase in plasma DHEA-S concentrations in the elderly. These results are indicative that the responses of adrenal androgens in elderly subjects to small, graded doses of ACTH infusion are preferentially impaired; however, the responses of cortisol and aldosterone are well maintained

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212764

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Brain water content and Na/K-ATPase activity have been compared in two groups of rats aged 60 ± 5 days (group I) and 630 ± 10 days (group II). In group II control animals, brain water content (p < 0.001) and Na/K-ATPase activity (p < 0.02) were found to be significantly reduced. Following a cryogenic lesion of the brain, the increase in water content was larger in group I (not significant), whereas impairment of Na/K-ATPase activity was much more pronounced in group II (p < 0.001

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212827

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By immunocytochemistry, human cerebral arteries have been found to be invested by perivascular fibres which contain neuropeptide Y, substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The concentrations of the peptides are comparable for substance P and VIP, whereas that of neuropeptide Y is much higher. A marked reduction in radioim-munoassayable peptide levels was observed with advancing age of the patients.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212828

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A population study of health state, care, and drug consumption among 187 70-, 75-, and 79-year-old persons in Umeå, Sweden, was performed. It was shown subsequently that women felt less healthy and had a higher drug consumption than men, while concerning definable diseases there was no sex difference. Only 13% of the subjects were considered medically healthy, i.e., without definable diseases. 69% had been hospitalized over the age of 60 years

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212765

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Memory loss and similar cognitive associated dysfunctions are commonly recognized as being the most serious symptoms of ageing and dementia. In this work, a deterioration of cognitive function which is appreciated in old rats (learning test in a maze – or, in aged humans, memory verbal test) is determined during the measurement of local cerebral blood flow and metabolism. In the animal, the disturbance by the learning test is observed by a decrease of blood flow in the hippocampus, diencephalon, and corpus striatum. In man, the cognitive dysfunctions appear although there is an increase of blood flow in the frontal cortex. These data show a new organization in the ageing brain which only appears during cerebral stimulatio

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212829

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to detect and analyze early cognitive disorders related to ageing, we selected a battery of psychometric techniques. This battery includes a generally accepted test (the PRM of A. Rey) and new computerized tests (reaction-time test and video objects test) designed by ourselves. We used this battery with aged adults (‘normal’ and ‘impaired’ outpatients) and young adults (‘normal’). Preliminary results indicate an early decline of spatial structuralization and intellectual associative mechanisms necessary to the efficiency of memory, and also confirm the slowing down in the visual-auditory-motor coordination. The data show how new computerized techniques can be helpful tools to quantify early cognitiv

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212830

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The word ‘dementia’ has different meanings according to its literary, judicial or medical use. So it seems useful to recall the semantic definition in order to enable practitioners and researchers to use a common language avoiding any risk of misunderstanding. According to etymology, the word means ‘loss of mind’. Its definition evolved in France from the time of Pinel, who named dementia all kinds of thought abolition, until one of the alienists of the late 19th century stated the present meaning of the word: a global, progressive and nonreversible impairment of the intellectual abilities. The DSM 3 criteria are not in perfect accordance with this definition, giving some precisions, perhaps not yet suf

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212831

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212767

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger