摘要:

Demented elderly patients unable to eat independently and often refusing food are threatened by malnutrition. Therefore, we determined in 6 female patients aged 74–100 with senile dementia the average daily food consumption within a 3-week period by the exact weighing methods on six occasions. The average daily energy intake was 7,364 kJ (carbohydrates 3,300, fat 3,030, and protein 1,034 kJ). Acceptance of food was best at breakfast; during lunch and dinner all patients refused nutrients in two-thirds of the meals. During the observation period the subjects remained in a steady state (weight, serum albumin). It is concluded that spontaneous nutrient intake is sufficient in stable conditions. In times of increased energy needs the observed eating habits may lead to malnutritio

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213107

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Modifications with aging in heart rate reactivity was investigated during minor mental stress. 27 normal male volunteers, aged 51–55 years (n = 10) and 71–74 years (n = 17), were studied in control conditions and while passing a series of 5 psychometric test measuring memory or intellectual speed. Men in their 70s had both lower heart rate baseline levels and lower reactivity during cognitive ta

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213108

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ganglioside content and composition were studied in whole brains from 9 neurologically normal male individuals ranging from 25 to 85 years in age. The content of ganglioside-bound sialic acid decreased from 1,070 to 380 μg/g fresh tissue at 85 years. Ten individual ganglioside fractions were identified on high-performance thin-layer chromatography, seven of which were quantified. With age, ganglioside composition shifted to a more polar pattern due to an increase in the relative concentration of the more polar fractions GQ1b, GT1b and GD1b and a decrease in GD1 a and GM1. Except for GQ1b, the absolute concentration of all gangliosides decreased with age. All changes were more pronounced in younger ages. Results are discussed in relation to structural changes occurring in the aging brain, and the involvement of gangliosides is suggested

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213109

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Production in vitro of the lymphokine leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) was studied for elderly as compared to young human subjects over an 8-day period of culture. When stimulated by either the antigen streptokinase/streptodornase (SK/SD) or the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A), the peak of LMIF production was retarded in cultures of lymphocytes from elderly subjects. Absolute peak values and numbers of positive responses were diminished in this group when the cells were stimulated with SK/SD but not with Con A. However, if LMIF production during the first 48-hour period was examined, the responses to Con A were also diminished in the elderly group. Retardation of lymphokine production by lymphocytes from elderly humans may be relevant to the assessment of immunologic competence in this group as well as to potential adverse effects on in vivo reactions of cell-mediated immunity.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213110

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To account for the cessation of human life span increase in developed countries, we have studied the Swedish vital statistics over the period of 1901–1978. Approximating age-related mortality dynamics as the sum of the constant (age-independent mortality) and exponential (age-dependent mortality), we have discovered a striking phenomenon consisting in historical stability of age-dependent mortality. It appeared that decrease in total mortality was exclusively due to age-independent mortality which is close now to the limiting (zero) level. The results obtained prove the existence of the biological limit for the average life span and show that the conventional reserves for decrease in mortality have been exhausted. Thus, the problem of life prolongation requires a new way of thinkin

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213111

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

37 long-stay geriatric patients were studied. All had 80% transit time (TT) in excess of 6 days. Only an average of 23% of markers were passed by day 6 and 30% of patients still had markers in situ after 2 weeks. Three daily enemas had no effect on TT and three daily enemas together with a laxative for 6 days normalized TT in 40% only. A further 3 weeks of laxatives did not prevent constipation from getting worse. The effectiveness of lactulose and poloxalkol-dihydroxyanthroquinolone, respectively, were the same and better than no treatment.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213112

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In response to a need for an easily used general-purpose rating scale designed specifically for the evaluation of pharmacotherapy in senile dementia and related conditions, the Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric (SCAG) scale was developed. This scale has been widely used in geriatric psychopharmacologic research and has been found to be sensitive, valid, and reliable for this purpose. In order to provide investigators with guidelines for the evaluation of the 18 items and global evaluation provided on the scale, with a view to improving interrater reliability, a manual was developed for this purpose. As the existence of this manual is not widely known, it is presented so that the SCAG scale may be used in a more uniform manner from investigator to investigator.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213113

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The prognostic significance of ventricular ectopic beats occurring in healthy, elderly individuals has only been assessed previously in short-term, longitudinal studies. 30 healthy, elderly people underwent 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and approximately 2.5 years later subsequent morbidity and mortality was assessed. 1 individual could not be traced and 4 had died. Details of the cardiovascular health status of the remaining 25 were assessed by a questionnaire. There was no correlation between the numbers of ventricular ectopic beats and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity. Similarly, the results show no differences between ventricular ectopic beat activity and mortality 2.5 years later. On the basis of this study it is concluded that routine 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring does not provide clinically relevant predictive information in regard to cardiovascular morbidity or mortality.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213114

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pharmacokinetics of acebutolol have been studied in hypertensive aged patients (79.4 ± 3.8 years) and in young healthy subjects (23.4 ± 0.7 years) after intravenous (0.35 mg/kg bolus) and oral administration (400 mg). Acebutolol and diacetolol, the main metabolite, plasma levels were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. After intravenous administration, apparent volume of distribution (1.5 vs. 2.4 liter ··kg––1, p < 0.05) and total body clearance (6.2 vs. 8.8 ml · min––1 · kg––1, n.s.) of acebutolol are smaller in elderly than in young men. After oral administration, maximum plasma levels (28.03 vs. 9.68 μg · 1––1 · kg––1) and area under the curve (163.1 vs. 57.5 μg . 1––1 · h · kg––1) are significantly higher in aged patients than in young subjects (p < 0.001). Acebutolol and diacetolol plasma half-lives increase in elderly patients (11.6 vs. 7.2 h and 14.8 vs. 12 h respectively). These results suggest a possible accumulation

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213115

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213116

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger