摘要:

The effects of the 5-HT agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP) on regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) were measured in 3- and 24-month-old rats that were not pretreated or were pretreated for 2 weeks with continuous infusion of saline or MCPP. rCMRglc were measured using the quantitative autoradiographic [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose technique in 71 brain regions at 15 min after acute administration of MCPP 2.5 mg/kg. In the absence of chronic pretreatment, intraperitoneal MCPP 2.5 mg/kg produced widespread rCMRglc reductions (41 brain areas) in 3-month-old rats and more limited rCMRglc decreases (8 brain areas) in 24-month-old rats. After chronic treatment, MCPP failed to reduce rCMRglc in any region of either group of rats. These findings indicate that mechanisms of downregulation of response to MCPP are functional in young and aged rats and suggest that the age-related reduction in rCMRglc responses to acute MCPP in non-pretreated animals may be due to compensation for age-related losses of 5-HT terminals.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213547

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty active elderly subjects (mean age = 66.4 years, range 51-81) participated in a 12-week weight-training program to determine the possibility of increasing muscular strength and lean body weight. The training utilized variable resistance weight machines which trained the major muscle groups. The male subjects (n = 11) experienced an average increase of 66.1% (SD = 19.39, p < 0.00001) in total maximun weight lifted while the females (n = 9) showed an average increase of 72.2% (SD = 33.44, p < 0.001). Lean body weight, which was calculated by skinfold measurements for each group did increase, but was not statistically significant (males p < 0.11, females p < 0.18). The study demonstrated the positive effects a weight-training regimen can have on an elderly population.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213548

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using two-dimensional video analysis, the effects of age and gender on functional rotation and lateral flexion of the back and neck were examined in 110 subjects. Equal numbers of male and female subjects were blocked into five age groups for a lifespan analysis: 6–8, 12–15, 20–30, 40–50, 60–80 years. Each subject performed three movements: a neck rotation, neck and back rotation, and a neck and back lateral flexion. The degree of movement was determined by the Peak Two-Dimensional Motion Measurement Analysis System. No significant gender difference was found for any of the movements tested though spinal mobility decreased significantly with age and became more variable. The oldest age group was significantly less flexible than all younger age groups on all three movements. Significant differences were also found between the youngest age group and the middle adults on all

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213549

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We previously found that the β-adrenoceptor (βAR) density of lymphocytes from thyroidectomized adult women shows a significant decrease early after surgery, followed by a slower recovery kinetics. In the present article, we posed the question whether the kinetics of lymphocyte βARs from thyroidectomized patients could be dependent upon the age of the donors. Thus, postsurgical decrease and the following recovery of βAR density were studied in thyroidectomized female patients of different ages, along with the time course of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels. The kinetics were analyzed using a mathematical model fitting experimental data. Results show that parallel statistically significant falls in βAR density and T3 levels are present in every age group tested from 1 to 3 days following surgical intervention. No statistically significant changes have been observed in T4 levels. The recovery of βAR density shows progressively slower kinetics with increasing patient age. In particular, a parameter estimating the time required to regain 50% of the fall in βAR density increases exponentially with advancing age. T3 levels show a recovery trend quite similar to that of βAR density, but the kinetics is slower and does not present any statistically significant age-related changes. The kinetics of T4 levels are completely different, showing a continuous slowly decreasing trend. Thus, the βAR fall can be accounted for only by a decrease in T3 levels. On the contrary, the comparison of T3 and βAR kinetics suggests that receptor recovery is also mediated by other regulatory factors. T4 levels do not appear to have any direct role in both fall and recover

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213550

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Antibodies to insulin (IA) were measured by graded hemagglutination in 164 patients and in 90 control subjects aged 18-65 years. The greatest prevalence of these antibodies was found in patients with the organic mental syndrome, of whom 70% (n = 110) had an antibody concentration above the normal 95th percentile. Among patients with diabetes, hypertension and cerebrovascular accidents, 42% had a high concentration of IA, while in all other geriatric patients (n = 21) the concentration of these antibodies was within the normal range.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213551

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Duodenogastric bile reflux is common in postoperative stomach but has been reported in intact stomachs. Spontaneous bile reflux in the elderly has not been studied before. This has been assessed in dyspeptic elderly and young patients. Total bile acid (TBA) levels and pH were measured in the samples of fasting gastric juice. Antral biopsies were taken for histological examination including Helicobacter pylori 4 with a normal TBA. TBA levels were not significantly different in H. pylori +ve and H. pylori -ve patients. Nineteen elderly patients had evidence of reactive gastritis. Five of these patients had raised TBA levels with severe H. pylori infection. The remaining 15 patients had normal TBA. These patients were on NSAIDs and 4 of them had H. pylori infection. We conclude that spontaneous bile reflux in the elderly is uncommon. Hypochlorhydria which is observed in the elderly is not caused by alkaline bile reflux. The main cause of reactive gastritis in the elderly is NSAIDs ingestion.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213552

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Although common among the hospitalized frail elderly, malnutrition is often unrecognized by clinicians, and its identification is frought with difficulty due to inadequate nutritional assessment methods and standards. This study compared the use of percent ideal body weight (%IBW) and anthropometry in the assessment of malnutrition in the hospitalized frail elderly. Approximately 45% of patients studied had at least two anthropometric measurements below the 5th percentile, a level reflecting severe malnutrition. However, only 28% of patients were found to be less than 90% IBW, a level reflecting only mild to severe changes in body weight. Serum albumin was below normal ( < 35 g/l) in 30% of patients. The total lymphocyte count was below normal ( < 1,500 cells/mm3) in 53%, and was severely depressed ( < 800 cells/mm3) in 24%. Thus, despite the use of stringent anthropometric criteria indicating severe malnutrition, anthropometry appeared more sensitive than %IBW as a measure of malnutrition in the hospitalized frail elderly. Furthermore, acute illness causes changes in commonly employed blood measures which make them unreliable in the assessment of malnutrition in this population. Anthropometry may prove to be the most stable, easily performed, and sensitive measure of malnutrition in the hospitalized frail elderly. However, further studies are clearly needed, including the development of appropriate anthropometric reference standards for the very old, a population that commonly suffers malnutrition.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213553

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213554

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213555

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213556

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger