摘要:

Because pathology is concomitant to aging in rat strains, extraneous variance can be added to studies of aging at all levels of analysis. Thus, several gerontologists have made recent requests for characterization of pathology in aging studies including not only investigators’ reports of diseases commonly observed (e.g., Sendai virus) and the occurrence of prevalent age-related lesions (e.g., nephropathy, leukemia, radiculoneuropathy) in rodent colonies, but also how specific disease processes might impact on the variable of interest in their investigation. Reported here are simple techniques (e.g., physical examination, necropsy to identify lesions, hematocrit, Wright stain) used routinely by our laboratory to screen for the presence of age-related disease in studies using Fischer 344 and Wistar rats. Routine health screening by physical examination and blood testing in our studies has allowed us either to eliminate moribund rats or to assess whether deficient performance was related to health status when these animals had been included in behavioral investigations. Additional health screens (e.g., antibodies for specific tumors) need to be developed. Investigators should be encouraged to utilize existing techniques, such as those reported here, and new technologies either to screen moribund animals from studies or to demonstrate that the pathology observed does or does not impact on the variable under investigatio

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213808

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Zaprionus paravittiger fed with vitamin E supplemented diet (1, 5 and 10 μg/ml) showed an increase in median and maximum life spans. Further increase in concentration accelerated the mortality rate. Females exhibited longer life span as compared to males. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) were measured in control and optimum concentration of vitamin E (5 μg/ml)-fed flies at various age intervals. MDA content showed an increase with age in control and vitamin E-fed group whereas catalase and proxidase activities showed a decrease with age. The females exhibited lower MDA content and higher activities of catalase and peroxidase as compared to males in control and vitamin E group. Vitamin E feeding caused a significant decrease in MDA and increase in catalase and peroxidase activities. These findings suggest that vitamin E has dose-dependent and sex-specific influence on longevity of Z. paravittiger and support the view that longevity and activity of antioxidant enzymes are positively linke

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213809

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Intervertebral disc (IVD) proteoglycans (PGs) and trypsin inhibitory protein levels were assessed for groups of beagles and greyhounds aged between 4 and 80 months. A significant age-dependent decline in PGs and in trypsin inhibitory protein levels was evident in extracts of the beagle nucleus pulpo-sus (NP). This was confirmed for the semi-purified trypsin inhibitor, using Western blotting. These age changes, however, were not evident in the greyhound NP. Furthermore, no significant ageing trends in PG or trypsin inhibitory protein levels were evident in extracts of the annulus fibrosus of either animal. The early onset of IVD degeneration in the beagle, a canine breed of the chondrodystrophoid (achondroplastic) classification, may be related to this decline in the anti-catabolic effects of the endogenous serine proteinase inhibitory proteins.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213810

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Because the body composition effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are opposite to those of advancing age, it has been hypothesized that the decreased activity of the growth hormone-IGF-I axis is partly responsible for the loss of bone and muscle mass that characterizes normal human aging. The aim of the present cross-sectional analysis was to test this hypothesis in a well-defined community-based sample of 245 healthy elderly women. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition. To establish the major determinants of total bone mineral content (TBBMC), we assessed the relationships betwen TBBMC and age, height, weight, body mass index, muscle strength and serum concentrations of IGF-I, calcidiol, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin. Total body lean mass (TBLM), an indication of muscle mass, was related to the following potential determinants: age, habitual physical activity and serum IGF-I. Multiple regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. A significant relationship between circulating IGF-I and TBLM was not apparent in this study. On the other hand, serum IGF-I was found to be an independent predictor of TBBMC, despite the inclusion of established determinants of bone mass. These findings suggest that the demineralization of the skeleton in aging women is in part due to a deficiency of the somatotrophic axis.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213811

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a retrospective study, we analyzed the operative results of 300 patients over 60 years with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages treated from September 1981 to June 1995 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Landesnervenklinik Salzburg. The patients underwent surgery for hypertensive hemorrhages measuring 30 mm or more on CT scan. The postoperative results were assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Score, which showed that the postoperative mortality was 31.3%; 22% of the patients made a good or very good recovery. The mode of selecting the intracerebral hematomas by size and location to achieve good results with surgical treatment is discussed. The authors consider surgery beneficial for selected cases.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213812

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213813

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The prediction of mobility soon after a stroke should allow proper selection for rehabilitation and suggest the long-term prognosis of gait ability. Stable gait is related to midline body orientation and equilibrium mechanisms. We proposed that the sitting balance during the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd weeks after a hemiplegia could be a prognostic indicator for gait at 6 and 12 months. Sitting equilibrium measured in hospital was correlated with gait at the time of discharge and after 6 and 12 months, assessed by standing up, walking, and climbing stairs. The power in the affected limbs in hospital was also correlated with gait at those times. In the 134 patients followed up at 6 months, the correlation of equilibrium with gait at 6 months was r = 0.675 (p < 0.0001), and that of arm power with gait was r = 0.551 (p < 0.0001). Correlations with gait at 12 months were smaller and less meaningful. Assessment of sitting balance, even before the patient can stand, forms an important part of early management of the stroke patient.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213814

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213815

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213816

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213807

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger