ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213031

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In Drosophila melanogaster daily fecundity has been recorded throughout life of flies kept at various gravity levels (1–5 g). Hypergravity (HG) did not decrease total fecundity but modified its expression during life. The 1 g group could be opposed to the various HG groups, i.e. a clear regression of the various fecundity items on the HG level could not be disclosed. Results are discussed in relation with Pearl’s rate of living theory.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213032

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Longevity of Drosophila melanogaster flies was observed at various gravity levels in three different breeding conditions of decreasing quality. A slight longevity decrease was observed in the 1–4 g range of the two best conditions. In the third one, a large decrease was observed in all hypergravity groups. Longevity decreased at 5 g in the first two groups (no data collected for the third one). Results are discussed in relation with Pearl’s rate-of-living theory.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213033

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The viability of Drosophila melanogaster was measured in three conditions: (1) of eggs from parents living at different gravity levels (1–5 g), developed at 1 g;(2) of eggs from parents living at 1 g, developed at different gravity levels, and (3) of eggs developed at the gravity at which their parents were kept. Hypergravity (HG) decreased viability to a low extent in all three cases (75% of emergence in the worst case). The effects of keeping parent flies in HG and of growing their offspring in HG were not cumulative. The results are discussed in relation with Pearl’s rate of living theory.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213034

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a multifactorial memory training program designed for normal older adults. The multifactorial program involved the training of three components that are critical to memory functioning: recoding operations, attentional functions and relaxation. Two controls groups were used. One control group took part in a general cognitive activation program involving training in problem solving, logical thinking, and visuospatial skills, whereas the other received no training. Three types of tasks were administered to assess potential effects of training: (a) free recall of words within the Buschke selective reminding paradigm, (b) digit span, and (c) the Benton visual retention test. Results indicated that the multifactorial group improved performance following training on several measures of the selective reminding task, and that this improvement was maintained 6 months after completion of training. In addition, the two other groups did not show any improvement of memory performance, and no effects occurred in the digit span and visual retention tasks. This pattern of results suggests that multifactorial training may be an effective way of achieving long-term benefits of training for older people, and that effects of memory training may be relatively task-specific.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213035

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have examined chromatin in lymphocytes from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and from normal individuals of a range of ages. We have found that the neucleosome repeat length does not vary with age for normal individuals over the range 24–78 years and that there is no difference between the value for AD cells (mean and standard deviation, 202 ± 7 base pairs, bp) and for normals (207 ± 5 bp). The rate of digestion of chromatin in lymphocyte nuclei by micrococcal nuclease does not appear to differ significantly between old and young normals and AD pat

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213036

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Lipid peroxidation products and defenses against free radical damage were determined in serum of 55 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and compared with values in 24 age-matched healthy control subjects. The following parameters were evaluated: lipid-conjugated dienes and trienes, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in erythrocytes, vitamins E, C and A, zinc, selenium and copper, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and albumin. The results showed a statistically significant decrease in the levels of GSH-Px, vitamins E, C and A, zinc, transferrin and albumin in the SDAT group. On the other hand, most of the deficiencies concern the malnourished subgroup of the SDAT population (SOD, GSH-Px, vitamins E and C, selenium, zinc, transferrin and albumin). Such an alteration of free radical scavengers in the malnourished subgroup of the SDAT population could combine the radical and nutritional hypothesis advanced by some authors.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213037

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Correlation between advance of age and changes of basal lamina width of mucosal epithelium and capillary was estimated in both the fundic gland and the pyloric gland, respectively, by electron-microscopic morphometry, using C57BL/6N mice. In basal lamina width of mucosal epithelium, no change was found in both the glands throughout life. In basal lamina width of mucosal capillary, change related to aging was not found in the fundic gland, but in the pyloric gland; it increased in the old mice. This fact is considered to be related to physiological and anatomical differences of microcirculation between the two glands.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213038

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

23-month-old male rats were trained by running for 20 weeks. The oxidation rates of succinate, glutamate+malate, palmitoylcarnitine, and pyruvate and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were measured in the subendocardium and subepicardium and in the right ventricle. Regional differences of substrate oxidation rates in the myocardium of old sedentary or trained rats were less than in young rats, suggesting that regional differences in the cardiac work load disappear during ageing. Training did not improve oxidation rates, in contradiction to some previous results.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213039

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A reduced febrile response with aging has been reported in mice, rats, rabbits, squirrel monkeys and man. Young adult male and female rats and rabbits respond differently to pyrogens, but little is known about relative febrile responses in old male and female animals. To further describe the effects of age and sex on fever, we gave intravenous injections of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin (0.05 μg/kg) and of endogenous pyrogen (EP) (40 μl/kg) to old and young, male and female rabbits. Old females did not exhibit smaller fevers in response to endotoxin compared to young females, but both young and old females had smaller fevers than aged and young males. Old male rabbits did not have a decreased febrile response to endotoxin. Old females, but not old males, showed a reduced febrile response to EP, the presumed endogenous mediator of endotoxin fever, when compared to young rabbits. To determine if the reduced febrile responses were due to reduced capacity to generate heat, D-amphetamine sulfate (2 or 5 mg/kg i.v.) was administered, and the resulting hyperthermias indicated that all groups of rabbits, including the aged and young females, were capable of raising body temperature to high levels. Body weight and reduced capacity to produce and retain heat do not contribute to these differences in fever. We conclude that the febrile response is not uniform over age, and that it is also strongly influenced by sex and type of pyroge

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213040

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger