摘要:

AbstractA 20‐year review of literature was done in order to compile effects of destructive ultrasound for surgical use in Otolaryngology. The physics of ultrasound were reviewed briefly highlighting the various methods of producing ultrasound. Various ultrasonic apparatus is discussed and the practical value of one compared to the other was evaluated. Histopathological studies that have been done by various international authors was tabulated and the effects of this type of energy was noted in various anatomical structures, that is, the inner ear, the pituitary gland, and laryngeal tissues. A correlation was attempted between clinical results seen in patients operated on with the use of this energy and histopathological findings seen in laboratory animals. Finally, a statistical study was compiled from the world literature as to the results of the use of ultrasound in the various surgical procedures used in Otolaryngolog

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00001

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the most dramatic complications of tracheostomy is a fistula between the trachea and the innominate artery. Our study has shown that patients at highest risk are those requiring ventilatory assistance with a cuffed tracheostomy tube placed below the level of the fourth tracheal ring.Median sternotomy has been the initial surgical procedure reported for the control of the attendant massive hemorrhage. We have found that immediate control of bleeding can be rapidly and safely accomplished by making a small suprasternal incision and compressing the innominate artery between the surgeon's finger and the undersurface of the sternum. This previously unreported use of the mediastinoscopy approach is also applicable in traumatic wounds of the lower neck, trachea and great vessels.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report documents the principles of diagnosis and management of acute leukemia from an otolaryngologic standpoint, based on our experience with 273 patients at the Baltimore Cancer Research Center of the National Cancer Institute. Infection, hemorrhage, infiltration and chemo‐therapeutic complications are considered. The need for a high index of suspicion and an aggressive approach to these problems is stresse

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPatients with unilateral exophthalmos warrant a systematic and multi‐disciplinary work‐up before surgical exploration or a therapeutic regimen is undertaken. The otolaryngologist is concerned primarily with the diagnosis of disease processes that arise adjacent to the orbital space in the nose, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, and temporal fossa. Careful head and neck examination should be supplemented by recently refined studies such as tomography, arteriography with subtraction, orbital venography, contrast orbitography, and ultrasonogra

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNon‐traumatic, spontaneous perilymph fistula of the oval window is an unusual cause of Ménière's syndrome in a child. In this case, all of the audio‐vestibular criteria for a diagnosis of Ménière's syndrome (or clinical endolymphatic hydrops), including a temporary threshold shift after the glycerol test, were demonstrated. At exploratory tympanotomy, a perilymph fistula, demonstrated at the footplate margins was plugged with fat. There was significant immediate postoperative and six‐month follow‐up improvement in perception of pure tone, speech reception threshold (SRT) and discrimin

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple technique designed to relate controlled changes in middle ear pressures brought about in the pressure chamber with simultaneously measured tympanometric recordings was used to validate the electroacoustic impedance assessment of intratympanic air pressures in human beings.The data obtained showed the absolute and tympanometric results to be in close approximation. Tympanometry in its capacity of evaluating Eustachian tube functions, was classified into two versions: the static type, which records the consequent results of Eustachian tube functions or malfunction, together with a graphic estimation of the overall tympanic membrane compliance; and the dynamic type, that actually records and assesses Eustachian functions quantitatively. The contribution of this work toward further understanding and usage of tympanometry in clinical practice is briefly discussed in view of the proven validity and reliability of the test.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of a 45 mg/kg injection of Ethacrynic acid upon the threshold of the potential evoked from the guinea pig's auditory cortex was determined. Thirty minutes after the drug injection, the thresholds for the evoked potential at 0.5 and 1 kHz were depressed approximately 20 db, while the thresholds at 4 and 10 kHz were depressed approximately 40 db. Although not complete, substantial recovery of the evoked potential threshold was observed in all but one guinea pig two hours after the drug injection. The changes in the evoked potential threshold were the same order of magnitude as those previously reported for the cochlear microphonic and endolymphatic potential.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of diazepam (Valium) on vestibular compensation was studied in the cat. Twelve hemilabyrinthectomized cats were given diazepam (0.4 mg/kg/day — physiological dose; 1.6 mg/kg/day — toxic dose) chronically during the compensation period. Thirteen additional hemilabyrinthectomized animals were used as controls. The neural activity of the medial vestibular nucleus was monitored as well as the observations made on nystagmus and postural co‐ordination. The results indicate that diazepam does not delay vestibular compensation in th

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA squirrel monkey having argon laser lesions of the horizontal and posterior semicircular canals showed initial suppression of nystagmus soon after irradiation. Prior to his death 417 days following surgery, the duration and frequency of caloric and rotation‐induced nystagmus was within normal limits. At no time was a significant hearing loss measured following irradiation. Histological examination of the irradiated ear showed laser craters perforating the bony canals with resultant fibrous tissue constricting the endolymphatic duct to a narrow but patent lumen. The appearance of the lesions was virtually identical to that seen in other irradiated monkeys sacrificed within several weeks after surgery. No osteogenesis or repair processes other than scar tissue in the vicinity of the laser perforations was evident. Although perhaps not useful for arresting vestibular function permanently, this laser seems to have created no deleterious side effects and may yet prove promising for other otologic microsurgical procedures requiring cutting or drillin

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe electronystagmogram (ENG) was abnormal in 94 percent of 88 consecutive patients with motor neuron disease (MND). The most common ENG abnormalities were dysrhythmic caloric responses (64 percent), active random eye movements with eyes closed (25 percent), caloric directional preponderance (24 percent), and caloric vestibular preponderance (20 percent). Torsional preponderance, poor fixation suppression (of induced vestibular nystagmus), spontaneous nystagmus, square waves, tracking and optokinetic abnormalities were also frequent. Most of these ENG findings are considered to be of central nervous system origin. Although these findings are not considered specific for MND, they appear to have clinical significance.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197402000-00010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY