摘要:

AbstractElectrical responses from the inferior colliculus (ER) and round window (CP) to acoustical stimuli were compared in control and experimental guinea pigs which had received a single blow to the freely movable head. After the blow to the head, all of the animals showed signs of commotio cerebri, and some of them died. The experimental animals were divided into two groups so that the physiologic responses to sound could be evaluated one day (early group) and seven days (intermediate group) following the head blow. The animals of the early group had elevated ER thresholds over the entire frequency range tested with an average threshold of 37.8 db. The animals of the intermediate group also had elevated ER thresholds which averaged 23.9 db. Input‐output intensity function of ER for the experimental animals showed a recruitment‐like phenomenon. The CP thresholds in the injured animals did not differ significantly from those in the control group. Damage to the VIIIth nerve and higher central pathways is very likely a more frequent cause of the otoneurologic manifestations following head injury than end organ dam

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00001

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe chorda tympani nerve plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy. The chorda tympani nerve is altered early in the course of the disease, perhaps before involvement of the facial nerve occurs. This was demonstrated by studying the pathophysiologic alterations of the chorda tympani nerves of 15 patients with Bell's palsy. Fifty‐seven percent of the patients noted taste aberrations two days before the onset of the facial paralysis. In addition, chorda tympani nerve function, tested by electro‐gustometry and by determining submandibular salivary flow, was altered before the response to nerve excitability became reduced; further, the electron micrographic findings in two patients indicated that the involvement of the chorda tympani nerve preceded the time of onset of the facial paralysis.The study established a relationship between the pathologic involvement of the chorda tympani nerve and the facial nerve. There was a direct relationship between the severity of changes noted microscopically in the chorda tympani nerve specimens and the ultimate recovery of facial motor function.Examination of the chorda tympani nerve specimens was used to correlate the effectiveness of treatment. The results of steroid therapy and surgical decompression were compared. Steroids had no beneficial effect. Complete return of facial function was associated with surgical management when surgery was performed based on reduced salivary flow to 25 percent of normal and while the response to maximal stimulation was still nor

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn algorithm for identification of hearing loss and middle ear effusion based on otologic history, audiometry and tympanometry was designed and tested on 771 first grade school children. Each ear was profiled as being normal, at risk, at high risk, or in need of otologic referral based on test‐retest screening. In addition, each child was categorized on the basis of the worse ear. Results showed 57 percent of the children as being normal; otologic referral was indicated in 14 percent. The remaining children (29 percent) were at risk or at high risk. The combination of medical history, audiometry and tympanometry constitutes an excellent case finding procedure for screening the otologic status of young school children. Through the utilization of specific criteria, optimal referrals can be made, thereby providing better health car

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn recent years the transethmoidal and transnasal approaches to the pituitary gland have become increasingly popular. In each case, detailed preoperative analysis of the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and its boundaries is crucial in facilitating entry to the pituitary fossa and in reducing intraoperative complications.Certain operative difficulties and complications are the result of the marked variability in the anatomy of the sphenoid bone and its sinus. These include: loss of orientation within a capacious sinus; perforation of the carotid artery or cavernous sinus; injury to the optic nerve or ophthalmic artery; and violation of the subarachnoid space with resultant pneumocephalus or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.Pneumatization develops originally within the presphenoid, beginning anteriorly and proceeding posteriorly. Around the time of puberty the pneumatization usually penetrates up to the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis. Dense bony septa remain within the sinus along the plane of fusion of the various sphenoidal segments.Preoperative laminagraphy of these ridges and septa is extremely helpful in planning the safest and most direct route to the sella. Laminagraphy is preferable to routine skull films because the septal detail is unobscured by the overlying facial structures. Pleuridirectional laminagraphic motion (circular or hypocycloidal) is preferred to linear motion because of the clarity and detail that they provid

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDavison pointed out in 1953 that his purpose in treating sinusitis was to utilize the smallest amount of surgery that would produce permanent relief of symptoms. By 1963 he had become convinced that extensive disease required extensive surgery. Hyperplastic rhinosinusitis is treated by a variety of surgical techniques including polypectomy, turbinate cautery, submucous resection of the turbinates or nasal septum, anterior ethmoidectomy, and spheno‐ethmoidectomy.Sixty‐eight patients are presented who have undergone bilateral spheno‐ethmoidectomy between January, 1969, and January, 1974. These patients were predominantly allergic, with a high percentage of previous polypectomies and desensitization which failed to control their recurring nasal polyps. Ten patients were lost to follow‐up. Forty‐seven of 68 patients have had no recurrence of polyps in from 12 to 60 months. All patients continued to have mucosal manifestations of allergy or infection, but the recurrence of late polyps was limited to 11 patients.The spheno‐ethmoidectomy technique is utilized, stressing complete removal of the middle turbinate. Kidder has shown an improved rate of polyp control in patients following ethmoidectomy with middle turbinate removal rather than with partial or total preservation of the middle turbinate. Complete resection of the middle turbinate with opening of the sphenoid air sinus permits a thorough exenteration of the ethmoid labyrinth and better control of chronic disease. A complication rate of 5.9 percent is presented and is deemed acceptable, since there were no disabling complications or complications related to poor vi

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHorace Green is often regarded as the “Father of American Laryngology.” Original in his thinking, innovative in his methods, outspoken in support of his views, Green was often violently criticized by his contemporaries. One medical society attempted to force his resignation as a member. In 1855, the New York Academy of Medicine ordered an investigation of Green and his methods. Honest to the core of his being, Green welcomed the investigation and cooperated in every way possible. Although the investigators' findings were inconclusive, time did bring vindication to Green and to some of his vi

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNumerous clinical problems arise as a result of our use of pharmaceuticals. They include untoward pharmacologic effects, socio‐economic problems (excessive cost, abuse), improper administration and various medicolegal difficulties. Two areas of direct concern to the otolaryngologist are drug interactions and drug‐induced diseases, problems which precipitate and prolong hospitalization and which introduce a new clinical entity, “diseases of medical progress.” Otolaryngologic examples of these diseases are abundant; some are considered here in a brief explication of an area of growing

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Centennial Conference on Laryngeal Cancer held in Toronto in May, 1974, was a success by all measurable standards.The Conference identified a great number of areas requiring continuing effort and the development of new knowledge. A standard reporting form for laryngeal cancer must be adopted throughout the world. Research in the field of laryngeal malignancy and its early diagnosis are to be emphasized. The radiological definition of the primary lesion must be improved, and the education of the public and the medical profession in the field of laryngeal diseases should be stressed.Improvement in the results of our therapy for patients with laryngeal cancer requires an intelligent international co‐operative effor

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA justification is made for the Conference, and its success attributed to the vision and drive of the organizer, coupled with the unstinting work of the program participants. The need for an archive is described, and the role of various media, journal, video and audio tape, defined in recording such an event.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197512000-00010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY