摘要:

AbstractSince much evidence suggests that the endolymphatic sac is responsible for endolymph resorption, and that the endolymphatic sac lateral intercellular spaces which are lined by the energy‐dependent transport complex Na+, K+‐ATPase are important in this process, we sought to evaluate the effects of dietary salt and a food extract that inhibits the activity of Na+, K+‐ATPase on lateral intercellular space size. Animals fed this food factor and a high‐sodium diet had significantly smaller endolymphatic sac lateral intercellular spaces than those animals fed only a high‐sodium diet (analysis of variance with Scheffe's multiple comparison test,P<0.001). Animals fed a high‐sodium diet had significantly larger endolymphatic sac lateral intercellular spaces than those animals fed a control diet only (analysis of variance with Scheffe's multiple comparison test,P<0.001). Results of this study suggest that dietary sodium affects endolymphatic sac fluid dynamics and that other food factors may regulate sodium metabolism, and therefore endolymphatic s

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00001

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSurgical implantation of a multichannel cochlear prosthesis has become a widespread treatment for profound hearing loss. The relationship between duration of hearing loss and speech recognition ability was examined in 20 postlinguistically deafened adults using the Nucleus 22‐Channel Cochlear Prosthesis. Data analysis indicated statistically significant negative correlations between duration of profound hearing loss and postoperative performance on the Central Institute for the Deaf Everyday Sentence Test and the Northwestern University Monosyllabic Word Test (NU‐6). Age at implantation and age at onset of profound hearing loss were not found to be significantly correlated with performance on the two measures. These findings are discussed in terms of patient counseling and prediction of potential benefit to the pati

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAcquired subglottic stenosis is a devastating additional burden for nearly 4% of premature infants receiving neonatal intensive care. The duration of endotracheal intubation is considered the most important etiologic factor. Surprisingly, most premature infants do not acquire subglottic stenosis. Infants with similar clinical characteristics and care have varying laryngeal outcomes. We hypothesized an autoimmune mechanism to type‐II collagen to explain the varying laryngeal outcomes of these infants.A retrospective study of premature infants of comparable birth weight, gestational age, and duration of endotracheal intubation was conducted. The eight control children, who did not manifest symptoms of airway obstruction, had longer durations of intubation than did the infants who developed subglottic stenosis. Three of five affected infants had serum antibodies to type‐II collagen, in contrast to none of the control infants (P= .035). This finding warrants additional study, and might lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic measures for these patie

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCardiac transplantation has become the treatment of choice for end‐stage cardiomyopathies. In 1987, nearly 2000 cardiac transplants were performed in the United States. Otolaryngologists will be asked with increasing frequency to evaluate and treat these patients. The otolaryngology service at Loyola University Medical Center has been involved in the follow‐up and treatment of head and neck complications in 100 transplant patients. Sixty percent of these patients manifest head and neck sequelae. The results of this review are presented.The otolaryngologist should be aware of the special features of this patient population that require modification of the treatment approach, such as1. the need to avoid the drugs erythromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ketoconazole,2. the need to preserve the right internal jugular vein, and3. the high risk of silent myocardial infarction. A discussion of these treatment modifications is provided. All patients should be treated in close communication with the medical transplant treatment t

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFluosol‐DA 20%, a synthetic perfluorocarbon emulsion first developed as a blood substitute, is currently being investigated as a radiation sensitizer. Theoretically, an oxygen‐carrying perfluorocarbon emulsion combined with oxygen inhalation might be able to increase tumor response by decreasing the relative proportion of hypoxic tumor cells. Twenty‐one patients with advanced head and neck malignancies receiving primary radiation therapy were evaluated for treatment‐related toxicity. Mucosal reactions and weight loss during treatment in the group of patients who received the perfluorocarbon emulsion and the group who did not were comparable. Late sequelae appeared comparable. No patient in either group who completed radiation therapy required an interruption of the treatment course.We conclude that Fluosol‐DA 20% is a tolerated adjunct to primary radiation therapy. Further study is needed to determine whether the agent will improve local/regional tumo

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine children received the Nucleus® multichannel cochlear prosthesis. The preoperative evaluation consisted of assessments of auditory function, speech recognition, linguistic skills, and speech production. There were no surgical complications, and recovery in all patients was uneventful. The device was programmed 4 to 5 weeks following surgery, and all children were conditioned to the task. Postoperative training began immediately following device stimulation and is ongoing. Auditory skills and speech production scales were devised to monitor each child's progress. All children have shown varying degrees of improvement in auditory skills and speech production using the implant alone

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1982, 40 composite cartilage perichondrial autografts performed to prevent recurrent cholesteatoma secondary to canal wall defects were reviewed. A follow‐up of those cases, plus 62 new cases, as well as the composite autografts for severe tympanic membrane retractions (55 cases) and selected tympanoplasties (22 cases) is presented. No recurrent cholesteatomas or retraction pockets developed at the graft sites, with one graft failure in the latter grou

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough uvulopalatopharyngoplasty relieves obstructive sleep apnea in the majority of patients, the factors that determine a successful response are not well defined. To determine whether preoperative awake upper airway measurements predict the response to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, presurgical lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated on 60 consecutive patients with symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea. Patients underwent overnight polysomnograms before uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and 3 months afterwards. Forty‐eight (80%) patients had a good response as defined by a postoperative apnea index of ≤4 apneas/hour or a reduction in apnea index of ≥60%. Re‐sponders had a significantly narrower inferior airway space (P<.0005) and a smaller ratio of inferior airway space to tongue length (P<.001). Improvement in apnea severity following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was related to the degree of airway narrowing (r=0.36;P<.01). This study shows that upper airway measurements help predict response to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Patients with a narrow airway, particularly relative to tongue size, have good responses to uvulopalatopharyng

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA head and neck examination was conducted on 322 personnel in a plant that manufactures brake linings and disks where asbestos is a major component. The personnel were categorized according to occupational risk, duration of employment, and smoking and alcohol habits. Thirty‐nine percent had abnormalities, the most common being laryngitis (15%), deviated nasal septum (13%), and neck mass (5.3%). Six members required a biopsy, but no cancer was discovered. Of 47 personnel with laryngitis, 46 were smokers (P<.01). In regard to asbestos exposure, 20% of the high‐risk group had laryngitis, compared to 11% in the low‐risk group (P<.05). The data were compared to a previously prepared longitudinal study of plant personnel (2057 individuals and 37,361.5 person years), where three cases of laryngeal cancer had been observed (0.77 expected). As these cases involved smokers with limited asbestos exposure, neither the longitudinal or cross‐sectional data could support asbestos as an etiologic factor for laryngeal cancer, but it may act as an i

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is unique histo‐chemically, ultrastructurally, and functionally. It has been suggested that the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle undergoes early aging. Aging in peripheral nerves has been reported to resemble a “dying back” neuropathy in that the most severe and earliest age‐related changes occur at the most distal levels of the nerve fibers. The lengths and terminal axonal branching of neuromuscular junctions in 17 human posterior cricoarytenoid muscles aged 4 days to 95 years were determined. Both neuromuscular junction lengths and the numbers of axonal terminal branches in the very young group differed significantly from values in two older groups. In contrast to results reported for some other muscles, there was no significant age‐related change in these parameters in the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle during adult life. This difference may be related to the repetitive contraction of the posterior cricoaryteno

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199003000-00010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY