摘要:

AbstractElectrocochleography (ECoG) involves the recording of electrical responses to sound from the vicinity of the cochlea. The technique, as we practice it, utilizes a trans‐tympanic recording needle situated on the promontory of the middle ear. Filtered clicks in the frequency range between 500 and 8,000 Hz are presented to the ear under test at a rate of 10/sec. Repetitive clicks of a given frequency are first presented at high intensity and the responses summed (averaged) in a computer. The click is systematically lowered in intensity, and an average is collected at each level until the normal dynamic range of hearing has been explored.Two major electrical indices are present in the recording: these are1.the whole‐nerve action potential (AP) derived from the first‐order auditory neurons, and2.the cochlear microphonic (CM) derived from the hair cells.Inspection of the whole nerve AP as intensity is lowered allows the estimation of the response threshold, which correlates well with behavioral threshold.Inspection of the relation between the CM and the AP allows qualitative differentiation to be made between pathology arising in the hair cell (sensory) and in the nerve (ne

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00001

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHearing loss, both congenital and acquired, can be associated in a more than happenstance manner with disorders of almost every organ system; the thyroid gland being no exception. Although the literature is replete with speculations and observations, complete understanding of the thyroid gland‐auditory system relationship is lacking. Several known syndromes, seemingly unrelated except for the association of hearing loss and thyroid abnormalities, have been described and, from the standpoint of hearing loss, may be conveniently divided into four groups:1.non‐genetic congenital;2.non‐genetic acquired;3.genetic congenital; and4.genetic de

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe glycerol test for endolymphatic hydrops was administered to 17 patients exhibiting classical symptoms of Ménière's disease. A complete battery of audiometric tests including the SISI, TTD (Rosenberg variation), ABLB, Sweep Frequency Békésy, two tests of speech discrimination (Rush Hughes and Northwestern), and air and bone conduction thresholds were administered pre and post‐glycerol ingestion in order to determine the effect of osmotic diuresis. Improvement in pure‐tone sensitivity and speech discrimination scores were most often observed. Among the special audiometric tests only the SISI scores exhibited changes, however, these could be related to the threshold changes. There were no significant differences observed in the threshold tone decay tests nor in the ABLB. The sweep frequency Békésy test revealed only the changes which were observed in pure‐tone

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFunctional hearing loss is a rather common entity, although it probably is overlooked more often than not. In most instances, the services of an experienced audiologist are necessary if one is to detect these cases.First, one must consider carefully the patient's behavior before and during the otologic and audiologic examination, and note the referral source, if any, since patients with certain backgrounds are more apt to exhibit functional hearing loss than others. Second, careful attention is given to certain aspects of the initial basic audiometric examination. Discrepancies here often stand out and point clearly toward functional loss.A so‐called “modified approach” to conventional audiometry has enabled us to detect almost all cases of functional hearing loss without resort to the special audiometric tests designed for that pu

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBetween 10 and 15 percent of blacks have sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait. Either is capable of a sickle cell crisis which could occur during a surgical procedure. Because of this, we as otolaryngologists should be aware of how to diagnose sickle cell disease and what specific measures should be followed in order to avoid a sickle cell crisis. This paper deals with specific diagnostic tests available, their interpretation, and our protocol for management of these patients when they are in the hospital for a surgical procedure.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFacial reconstruction and cosmetic surgery following extensive bone and soft tissue resection for carcinoma of the ear has not been emphasized in the past. Poor long term survival and local recurrence rates previously precluded considering extensive rehabilitative effort. A patient is presented, illustrating the problems resulting from major ablative surgery of the temporal bone. The surgical concepts and techniques used in this patient's facial rehabilitation are enumerated and described from both the functional and cosmetic aspect. The necessity for developing an innovative surgical approach is enhanced by improved long term patient survival. Application of the principles used to other aspects of facial reconstruction are mentioned.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNasal cytograms, as an aid to diagnosis of pathological conditions of the nose and paranasal sinuses, have not been adopted by the majority of otolaryngologists. This situation exists because of technical problems with the preparation of a slide and the difficulty in finding someone competent and interested in its interpretation.The work of the Bryans has provided an analysis of the cytology of nasal secretions. Adopting their methods, we have been using the nasal cytogram in clinical practice and find it helpful in determining appropriate therapy for problems encountered in otolaryngological practice.In the authors' experience, profuse nasal mastocytosis is a consistent finding in cytograms from patients having varied symptoms that are associated with hypersensitivities that are not accompanied by positive objective findings. This is especially true in patients with constantly recurring headaches and those with a chronically obstructed nose. Once many mast cells are found by the cytogram, attempts are made to relieve these patients by selective dietary restrictions. These attempts are often successful.The nasal cytogram is also used to help explain periodic symptom flares in the long term allergy patient undergoing immunotherapy for inhalants, by identifying superimposed viral and bacterial infections.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClosure of the nasofrontal communication is the most common cause of failure of nonobliterative external frontal sinus operations for chronic sinus disease. To determine whether silicone rubber sheeting or tubing might prevent closure, we designed animal experiments and conducted a clinical study. We enlarged the nasofrontal duct in dogs, inserted silicone rubber tubing or sheeting and assessed ductal patency grossly and microscopically. The tubes prevented epithelization and failed to prevent local osteoblastic reaction, fibroplasia, and scar formation. In contrast, sheeting permitted rapid mucosal regeneration, less osteoblastic activity, and less fibrosis. Our 16 patients with chronic sinus disease underwent a modified Lynch operation, with enlargement of the nasofrontal duct and stenting with rubber tubes or sheeting. The sheeting provided the best long‐term result. In our experience, it raised the success rate of the classic Lynch external operatio

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRepair of fistulas producing cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, as with any reconstructive operations, should take into account the basic principles of reconstructive surgery for best results:1.tissue needing replacement should be replaced by like tissue; and2.a flap is always superior to a graft. In the case of this disease, the tissue sealing the fistula should be a flap containing not only mucosa or mucoperiosteum, but also pedicled bone. Two kinds of regional flaps are described which successfully closed the fistula in each of three patients. Follow‐up is long ter

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOf 1,000 consecutive patients who underwent rhinoplasty, about 10 percent had some nasal obstruction postoperatively. The majority of patients in whom the author performed the primary rhinoplasty had an obstructive, vasomotor type of rhinitis that ensued, and which usually could be cured by the injection of corticosteroids into the turbinates. Fifty patients had undergone rhinoplasty by other surgeons, and most of those patients requested surgical correction to relieve the nasal obstruction and/or to improve the external nasal appearance. In those patients the causes of nasal obstruction were; pre‐existent, undetected, or diagnosed but uncorrected, septal deviations; caudal septal dislocation; or turbinate hypertrophy; intranasal adhesions; scar tissue web formation in the nasal vault; inadequate nasal tip support, and alar collapse. The author's technique of surgical repair for each of these conditions is outline

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197604000-00010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY