摘要:

AbstractSecretory otitis media is common in the winter, and the possible risk factors are numerous. This study examines the effect of low humidity on the middle ear using a Sprague‐Dawley rat model: 23 test rats housed for 5 days in a low‐humidity environment (10% to 12% relative humidity) and 23 control rats housed at 50% to 55% relative humidity. Microscopic ear examinations were graded for otitis media with effusion (OME) before testing and on test days 3 and 5. The mucosa of the middle ears and eustachian tubes was examined histopathologically. Significantly more effusions were observed in the low‐humidity group on test days 3 (P= .003) and 5 (P= .01), but no intergroup histopathologic differences were noted. We conclude that a low‐humidity environment contributed to the development of OME in the test animals, and that low‐humidity warrants further investigation as a contributing factor in childhood middle ea

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00001

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to enhance speed of wound repair at a number of anatomic sites. This study presents an evaluation of bFGF in a model of acute tympanic membrane (TM) perforation in order to assess rate of healing as well as structural and functional outcome. Perforations were created in the tympanic membranes of rats, then allowed to heal in the presence of topically applied bFGF with the opposite ear serving as a control. The growth factor was applied in repeated doses beginning 2 days after creation of the TM defect. The treated ears healed faster by an average of 4.0 days. The healed tympanic membranes were assessed using tympanometry and light microscopy. Structurally and functionally, the healed tympanic membranes were similar to the controls. The observed results indicate that bFGF promotes accelerated healing and restoration of normal architecture in acute TM defects.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been well‐established that children with Down syndrome experience a high incidence of persistent conductive hearing loss because of their predisposition to stenosis of the external auditory canal (EAC), cerumen impaction, serous otitis media (SOM), and cholesteatoma. Because this hearing problem may be a primary cause of the spoken communication skills in these children being far below their cognitive ability, assertive management is required. The authors present an aggressive multi‐discipline treatment model that is instituted during the first year of life in an infant with Down syndrome. Reconstruction of the EAC, amplification technology, and speech/language intervention that emphasizes auditory‐verbal (A/V) therapy are discussed. In a pilot study, we compared the language development of six infants with Down syndrome who received aggressive treatment during their first year of life (group A) to six infants who did not (group B). The results showed age‐appropriate oral language development for the infants in

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGantz,et al.reported two patients with extensive cochlear ossification in which cochlear implantation was done with a Nucleus 22‐Channel Cochlear Implant after extensive cochlear drill‐out. One of the patients did well with 20 functioning electrode pairs. We report an additional three patients with extensive cochlear ossification who received Nucleus 22‐Channel Cochlear Implants. All three patients had extensive cochlear drill‐out as described by Gantz,et al.All three patients have use of all 21 electrode pairs with amperages typical of conventional implantation in two of the three and slightly increased levels in the third. Extensive bilateral cochlear ossification does not seem to be an absolute contraindication for multichannel cochlear impla

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe diagnosis of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is difficult to establish. The clinical presentation is not diagnostic. We define current criteria for diagnosis and the role of total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the disease process and review the clinical features of this disease.Fifty‐one cases were identified in 44 patients who demonstrated characteristic allergic mucin. Thirty‐one of these cases satisfied rigid criteria for the diagnosis of AFS. Twenty of these cases were classified as AFS‐like syndrome.The prevalence of strictly defined AFS was 4.0%. Dematiaceous fungi were the predominant agents cultured. All our patients had polyps, 23 (54%) had asthma, 12 (27%) had aspirin sensitivity, 20 (65%) had eosinophilia, and 9 (69%) had increased total IgE l

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe incidence of complications of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in a combined experience with 2108 total patients is compared to complications in 11 other series of patients (2583 total) who underwent ESS and 6 series of patients (2110 total) who underwent traditional endonasal sinus surgery. The incidence of major perioperative complications was 0.85%, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak being the most common. The most common minor complications of ESS were those related to orbital penetration and middle turbinate adhesions; minor complications occurred in 6.9% of the 2108 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the overall incidences of major complications between this series and the other two groups. Recommendations are made for the prevention of complications during ESS.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSixty‐two patients with persistent or recurrent dysphonia after laryngeal surgery underwent interdisciplinary voice evaluation, laryngostroboscopy, and objective measurements of vocal function. The causes of persistent dysphonia were attributed to vocal fold scarring (n = 22), residual mass lesion (n = 8), residual inflammation (n = 13), recurrent mass (n = 4), and hyperfunctional voice disorder (n = 7). Laryngoscopy often showed excessive ventricular compression and anterior‐to‐posterior laryngeal compression. Ventricular dysphonia was often a compensatory gesture in response to poorly mobile vocal fold membranes. Stroboscopy was able to document a number of abnormalities which included abnormalities of laryngeal configuration, vibratory asymmetry, reduction of amplitude, and mucosal wave. Using a diversified approach consisting of medical therapy, voice therapy, and repeat surgery, better vocal function was able to be restored in the majority of patients. An interdisciplinary approach to the dysphonic patient after laryngeal surgery was most useful in defining the pathology and refining a treatment rehabilitation pr

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrequency selectivity was compared in subjects with hearing loss due to acoustic neuroma and cochlear pathology, and normal listeners. A particular interest was the role of probe tone parameters on the shape of the tuning curve. Psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs) were measured for each of two equal energy 2000‐Hz probe tones (10 dB SL/300 msec and 17 dB SL/60 msec), using simultaneous 1/3‐octave narrowband noise maskers centered at 1, 1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 3.15, and 4 kHz. The results showed that the critical masker levels obtained for impaired listeners were significantly greater than those from normal subjects. The slope of the low‐frequency limb of the PTC was steeper for normal compared to hearing‐impaired listeners but there was no difference due to site of lesion. In all three groups, the critical masker levels obtained with the short probe were significantly greater than those for the long probe, negating the hypothesis that equal energy probes would yield the same outcomes. Tuning in listeners with hearing loss was highly correlated with audiometric threshold but not with tumor size, width of the internal auditory canal, or tumor location within the cerebellopontine angle. The main conclusion was that cochlear and retrocochlear hearing loss are similar with respect to their effect on frequency sele

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom 1976 to 1986, 106 patients with early glottic carcinoma were managed endoscopically at our institution. Twenty‐four (23%) patients required re‐treatment of the larynx for local recurrences or new primary lesions after initial endoscopic management. The probability of remaining free of local recurrence 3 years after primary surgery was estimated to be 0.87 and, after 5 years, it was 0.81.Of the 24 patients who required re‐treatment of their larynx, 10 did so beyond 3 years, indicating a new second primary. In 1 patient who required re‐treatment within 3 years, a new primary developed on the opposite cord. Therefore, true local recurrences developed in 13 patients (12.3%); 3 of these patients (2.8%) ultimately required laryngectomy and 3 are dead (2.8%) with

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne goal of the Americans with Disabilities Act is to enhance access to career opportunities for individuals with hearing loss. Hearing‐impaired professionals are woefully underrepresented among the cadre of scientists currently involved in hearing and deafness research. Information was obtained by questionnaire from 190 consecutive attendees (13 through 17 years of age) at a summer program for gifted hearing‐impaired adolescents regarding career goals, attitudes toward academic and extracurricular activities, educational placement, primary communication modality, and parental hearing status. A follow‐up questionnaire completed by 80 of these youth, presently attending college, provided comparison data regarding type of college attended and academic major. Males were significantly more likely to select majors in mathematics and science‐related disciplines. The percentage of college attendees majoring in the sciences was much lower than the percentage of high school students who aspired to a scientific career. Strategies for attracting qualified hearing‐impaired students into science majors should include educational efforts directed at students, parents, and academic

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199409000-00010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY