摘要:

AbstractOrbital extension of acute paranasal sinus infection seems to be an occurrence of increasing frequency and increasing severity in the past few years. This recurrence of an old phenomenon is happening despite medical specialization, due to alteration of bacteria biology due to generation‐long use of antibiotics. Alteration of host responses due to use of steroids is also responsible. Over‐reliance on diagnostic aids alters clinical judgment. Especially important is the fact that, in the most serious complication, cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis, one can be misled by fundoscopic examination, inasmuch as the state of the disk is not a reliable index.Six case records are used to illustrate various degrees of orbital content involvement, including blindness and meningitis complications. Early diagnosis of the spread of infection, vigorous antibiotic therapy, and surgical drainage when necessary are required. Steroid use is apparently ineffective and possibly erroneous, and anticoagulant‐anti‐inflammatory agents of an older era are probably more reliable when life and sight are thr

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00001

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectrical stimulation studies on the exposed facial nerve in cats have demonstrated a contralateral facial muscle response. This has been assessed by direct observation, electromyography, conduction times, photography and cinematography. A series of facial nerve transection experiments have been performed. It has been shown that afferent fibers are distributed with the distal facial nerve and pass through the stylomastoid foramen. These afferent fibers leave the facial nerve in the vertical portion of the facial nerve in the mastoid by an anastomotic branch which is thought to communicate with the Xth nerve.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1Nineteen patients with carcinoma of the maxillary antrum were treated sequentially with pre‐operative irradiation and radical surgery.1Seven of 19 patients (37 percent) were free of disease for longer than three and one half years (one patient for two years).1Infrastructure tumors were more favorable than those involving the entire antrum. The control rate for infrastructure tumors was five of 11 patients (45 percent).1The most important cause of failure is the inability to destroy the tumor locally or early local recurrence.1Pre‐operative irradiation at a dose level of 6,000 rads in five weeks or its equivalent is an important addition to the treatment of advanced antral can

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe investigators observed and analyzed the nonverbal and verbal reactions of 30 service station attendants who were exposed to alaryngeal speech produced with an electronic larynx and the reactions of another 30 attendants who heard normal speech. Although there was a significant difference between the patterns of response of the two groups of subjects, the difference was attributable primarily to responses on only three of the 16 behavior categories studied. Subjects who heard alaryngeal speech tended to stare more or speak louder or slower. The authors concluded that listener reactions should not be cited as an argument against the use of an artificial larynx; potential adverse reactions will be minimal, can be coped with easily, and will not interfere with effective communication.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was undertaken in dogs and monkeys to assess the sequelae of cryosurgery of the lung. In seven animals, a cryoprobe was repeatedly applied to the entire right middle lobe. In no instance was the probe inserted through the pleura into pulmonary parenchyma, but the pulmonary parenchyma was firmly compressed beneath the probe tip during freezing. This permitted through‐and‐through freezing of the entire right middle lobe and ensured complete cryonecrosis of the entire lobe. In three animals, a portion of the right lower lobe was also frozen by repeatedly applying the probe tip to the midportion of that lobe.All animals survived the procedures, and all resumed normal activity within 24 hours of operation. There were no pleural space complications except for the production of pleural adhesions. All lesions had the features of an acute hemorrhagic infarct, characterized by intense local hemorrhage and complete coagulation necrosis, typical of cryolesions. Subsequently, there was total collapse and fibrosis of underlying pulmonary tissue with areas of hemorrhagic necrosis, hemosiderin in macrocytes, focal calcification, and hyalinization. Serum lactic dehydrogenase values and leukocyte counts promptly increased after cryosurgery; however, all values returned to normal within 14 days, and no significant changes were noted thereafter. Thoracic roentgenograms showed changes consistent with consolidation of the right middle lobe, and by seven weeks, the only roentgeno‐graphic evidence of the cryotreated middle lobe was a small density in the hilus. Histologically, this was a small mass of scarified tissue that sealed the bronchial stump and major vessels at the hilus and consisted of organized fib

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe importance of sensitivity in the mouth, pharynx and esophagus upon swallowing was studied on 17 healthy volunteers. Intraluminal pressures of the pharynx, pharyngo‐esophageal sphincter and esophagus were synchronously recorded before and after surface anesthesia with lidocaine. Anesthesia of the mucous membrane in sectors of the oral cavity, pharynx or esophagusseparatelydid not cause any objective changes, whereassimultaneousanesthesia of an area consisting of the soft palate, tonsillar pillars, tonsils, base of the tongue and pharynx, caused considerable changes upon swallowing: the coordination between the pharynx and sphincter was disturbed; dysphagia and coughing occurred. Similar dys‐coordinations have been reported earlier from patients with hypopharyn‐geal diverticulum but have not previously been shown experimentally. The changes are probably caused by the mucous membrane's anesthesia inhibiting the discharge of impulses from oropharyngeal rece

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree patients with ceruminomata were treated by radiation therapy, surgery or a combination of both of them.One patient was treated by surgery followed by radiation treatment and then, after recurrence of the tumor, by radical surgery, and another patient treated by surgery only, are free from disease six and five years respectively. One patient treated by incomplete radiation therapy only, has had recurrence of the tumor three months later, but after a full treatment by Cobalt teletherapy is free from recurrence four months later.Surgery is considered the treatment of choice; however, radiation therapy may be indicated when the tumor, either primary or recurrent, has extended beyond limits of surgical resection, or because of distant metastases, due to the patient's general condition precluded surgery, or finally, when surgery is refused.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo‐day (Group A), eight‐day (Group B), and eight‐month (Group C) old guinea pigs were exposed to 30 continuous hours of white noise at 119–120 db SPL. One month later pathology of the organ of Corti was evaluated and quantitated by use of the surface preparation technique. Percent cell damage was determined for outer hair, inner hair, outer pillar, and inner pillar cells at each of the four turns of the cochlea and for the cochlea as a whole. Comparisons of pathology of each cell type were made between groups.Mean percent outer hair cell damage per cochlea (± 1 S.E.) was 23.72 ± 3.69 for Group A, 36.98 ± 5.76 for Group B, and 7.24 ± 1.75 for Group C. There was no significant difference in outer hair cell damage between Groups A and B. Outer hair cells of Group A were significantly more damaged than those of Group C when damage in the cochlea as a whole was considered due to significantly greater damage in Group A at three and one half turns; likewise, outer hair cells of Group B were significantly more damaged than those of Group C when damage in the cochlea as a whole was considered due to significantly greater damage in Group B at two and one half and at three and one half turns.A similar effect was observed in terms of pathology of inner hair cells and pillar cells: there was a trend toward increased damage in animals of Groups A and B compared with C. Group C showed no outer or inner pillar cell damage, and only one of six animals had alterations in inner hair cells. In contrast, outer and inner pillar cells were damaged in Groups A and B, and four of six animals of Group A and six of eight of Group B showed inner hair cell damage.Recent electrophysiological and audiometric studies are discussed which, with the results of the present study, indicate greater susceptibility of young cochleas when compared with older cochleas, to noise‐induced physiological and pathological alterations. It would seem medically prudent to take special precautions to avoid exposing newborns to ex

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case of hemangioendothelioma in the mastoid bone and ear is presented. This tumor is very rare in the skull and has never been reported in the ear. The presenting symptoms were purulent discharge and loss of hearing in the involved ear.Excision of the tumor was followed by irradiation, and the patient is well and free from disease three years postoperatively.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRinne tests were done on 214 ears with various air‐bone gaps, using both steel and magnesium tuning forks, in the method described by Shambaugh. Predictability of air‐bone gap was evaluated, and found to be only moderately good. An air‐bone gap of 15 db or more can usually be demonstrated with use of the 256 fork but accuracy in determining the amount of gap between 15 db and 45 db is

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-197403000-00010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY