摘要:

AbstractStudy of the complex anatomy and pathology of the temporal bone has traditionally used microscopy which permits analysis in only two dimensions. Recent advances in bioimaging technology have permitted visualization and reconstruction of computed tomography images in three dimensions. We have developed a technique that applies this technology in the imaging and reconstruction of human temporal bones. Data taken from serial histologic sections of the temporal bone are entered into a computer. The sections are edited and, through the use of specially developed software, a realistic three‐dimensional reconstruction is produced. The reconstructed image can be rotated along any of three axes, and structures within the temporal bone can be isolated for more detailed analysis. Applications for the study of pathologic conditions of the temporal bone will be discusse

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00001

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTranstympanic electric promontory stimulation is a psy‐choacoustic test used to assess residual acoustic neurons in profound sensorineural hearing loss. The test was performed in six patients who had previously undergone trans‐mastoid (N = 5) or transcanal‐oval window (N = 1) labyrinthectomy as a means of determining the feasibility of future cochlear implantation. Four patients had unilateral Meniere's disease, one had labyrinthitis, and one had delayed onset vertigo. All patients perceived a definite auditory sensation in the labyrinthectomized ear during stimulation. The results of threshold, dynamic range, and difference limen testing were similar to those obtained during preoperative stimulation of cochlear implant candidates (N = 12) who subsequently became successful users. There was no evidence of response degradations as the time, following labyrinthectomy increased. The results of this study suggest the possibility of successful cochlear implantation following labyrinthectomy. Supporting histologic data are rev

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVocal cord paralysis or paresis as the initial presenting symptom for intracranial tumors in children are rare. Recently, two pediatric patients who were later diagnosed as having intracranial tumors presented with the symptom of voice changes and stridor. Telescopic examination revealed bilateral vocal cord paresis and paralysis as demonstrated by video recordings. The majority of pediatric brain tumors present with both generalized and localized complaints; however, by discussing these two rare cases, we hope to underscore the importance of a thorough workup of the paralyzed or paretic vocal cords.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe in vitro bone‐ and cartilage‐ablation characteristics of the solid‐state erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser were compared to those of the carbon dioxide laser. Ablations of fresh, frozen cadaver septal cartilage and maxillary sinus bone were performed using total energies between 1 and 6 J. Specimens were studied using hematoxylin and eosin stain and digitized, computer‐assisted measurements of 35‐mm photographs. Erbium‐yttrium aluminum garnet‐ablated bone averaged 5 μm of adjacent tissue thermal injury, compared with 67 μm with carbon dioxide‐ablated bone. Erbium‐yttrium aluminum garnet‐ablated cartilage averaged 2 μm of adjacent tissue thermal injury, compared with 21 μm with the carbon dioxide‐ablated cartilage. The tissue‐ablation characteristics of the erbium‐yttrium aluminum garnet laser are promising for future

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the effects of hormones, head size, and oral temperatures on latencies and amplitudes of the auditory brainstem response in 10 young women, 10 young men, and 5 postmenopausal women. Significant gender differences between men's and women's auditory brainstem responses were confirmed. Men showed longer latencies and smaller amplitudes than women. Results showed that oral temperature has little effect on auditory brainstem response latencies and amplitudes. Head size affects waves III, V, and the amplitude of wave V, but is not entirely responsible for the gender latency difference. By examining young women with normal monthly hormonal cycles, significant changes in the absolute latencies of wave V were observed. These changes were correlated with hormonal changes as measured from venous blood samples. It was concluded that the etiology of the gender difference is a combination of hormonal and head‐size difference

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAuditory capabilities of Nucleus 22® multichannel cochlear implant users were compared to those of matched 3M/House® single‐channel users. Six children who received either the 3M/House or Nucleus 22 cochlear implants were separated into three matched pairs. Group 1 consisted of two postlinguistically deafened adolescents, group 2 consisted of two prelinguistically deafened school‐age children, and group 3 consisted of two perilinguistically deafened preschoolers.Participants were evaluated using auditory comprehension and discrimination tasks as indicated by the 3M/House and Nucleus 22 protocols. However, only tasks common to both were included here. While the 3M/House single‐channel device has been under an IDE for children under the age of 18 years since 1984, the Nucleus 22 multichannel implant only recently became available for this age group. Thus, short‐term evaluations at 6 months and 1 year postimplanta‐tion have been used for comparison.Two of the three groups indicated that the multichannel users performed as early as the 6‐month level; the children in the third group performed equally. These results indicate that multichannel cochlear implants show great promise in

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince the beginning of this decade major advances have taken place in the alimentation of patients with tumors of the head and neck. Gauderer and Ponsky described a percutaneous method of gastrostomy and, in 1983, a number of radiologists, including the senior author, described a percutaneous radiologic method using the Seldinger technique to create a feeding gastrostomy. This method is ideally suited for patients with advanced tumors of the head and neck because it requires neither endoscopy nor general anesthesia. Over the past 5 years, 55 patients with tumors of the head and neck have undergone this procedure. Eighty‐one percent of the patients had advanced disease at initial presentation. One patient (1.8%) had a procedure‐related death and another patient (1.8%) had a complication that required a laparotomy. Three patients (5.4%) had minor complications that required minimal medical attention. None of the patients required general anesthesia and an endoscopy was not required. Patient discomfort during the procedure was mini

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreviously, the authors reported that objective pulsatile tinnitus can be the major or only manifestation of benign intracranial hypertension. This report updates the authors' experience with 31 patients managed over the past 7 years.Benign intracranial hypertension should be suspected in all patients with pulsatile‐objective tinnitus, especially when the patient is a young, obese female with headaches and/or visual disturbances. Papilledema and small ventricles or an empty sella on computerized tomography are almost diagnostic. The diagnosis is confirmed by elevated spinal fluid pressure on lumbar puncture. In such patients, angiography is not indicated. Furosemide and acetazol‐amide are very effective. Ligation of the internal jugular vein is contraindica

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom 1983 to 1987, seven patients with conductive hearing loss were found to have congenital absence of the oval window. Six of these patients underwent vestibulotomies and reconstruction with House wires or total ossicular reconstruction prostheses. Surgical findings included absent or rudimentary stapes in all cases, abnormal facial nerves in four cases, and abnormal long processes of the incus in four cases. All patients had normal external ear canals and tympanic membranes. Hearing initially improved 20 to 45 dB in four of the six patients reconstructed. Over time, however, much of this initial hearing gain was lost. A marked difference in hearing results was evident between this series of absent oval window cases and a recent series of major atresia cases.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExtracranial meningiomas comprise approximately 2% of all meningiomas. Primary extracranial meningiomas are even less common. This report details our experience with these unusual tumors from 1972 to 1989. The diagnosis, surgical management, and significant histopathologic features are discussed. The correlation of primary extracranial meningiomas with neurofibromatosis type II and a treatment algorithm are presented.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY