摘要:

AbstractTucci and Rubel have demonstrated functional recovery of the chick cochlea following aminoglycoside ototoxicity. The cochleae of these same animals were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to further understand this recovery process.Hatchling chicks were given daily doses of gentamicin for 10 days. Auditory‐evoked potential measurements and examination of the cochlea by scanning electron microscopy were performed after survival periods of 5 days to 20 weeks.After 5 days of gentamicin exposure, there was near complete basal hair cell loss associated with a high‐frequency hearing loss. Apical progression of damage with a broad‐band hearing loss occurred over 4 weeks. At 20‐weeks, hair cell counts were normal with a small high‐frequency hearing loss. Hair cell regeneration played a major role in the functional recovery of th

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00001

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour techniques for anastomosis were investigated for the anastomosis of a large proximal segment to a smaller distal segment of rat peripheral nerve with a size disparity of approximately 3 to 1. The techniques were perineural sutures (group I), KTP laser annealing (group II), collagen tubes with a 5‐mm gap between the nerve segments (group III), and collagen tubes without a gap between the nerve ends (group IV).At 6 weeks there were no gross nerve distractions in groups I or IV. There were two failures in group II and three in group III. The percentage of fibers that crossed intact anastomoses were: group I, 89%; group II, 75%; group III, 115%; group IV, 125% (P<.05 for the collagen tube repairs).Our results indicate that the suture technique is still the most reliable method of nerve repair. However, collagen tubes were effective in increasing the percentage of axons crossing the anastomosi

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the decline in primary cases of otosclerosis surgery, revision stapes operations are becoming a higher percentage of otosclerosis practice. Are the results from revision stapes surgery today comparable with those of surgeons trained prior to the present decline? A retrospective review of 559 consecutive stapes operations performed by the author revealed 109 revision operations. A retrospective review of these cases reveals that the most common cause for revision surgery was displaced prostheses and incus necrosis. The hearing results are dependent on the surgical pathology. In this series, the air‐bone gap was closed to less than 10 dB in 58% of cases, there were 64% of cases of displaced prostheses, and 57% of cases of incus necrosis, which is comparable with previously reported studie

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐two patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis underwent 105 carbon dioxide (CO2) laser microlaryngoscopic and tracheobronchoscopic operations from July 1986 through February 1990. All soft‐tissue complications, whether intraoperative or delayed secondary to laser surgery, were retrospectively analyzed. The intraoperative laser‐related soft‐tissue complication rate was zero. Two of the 22 patients acquired slight unilateral true vocal cord scar tissue and 1 patient developed a small posterior laryngeal web. The delayed soft‐tissue complication rate was 13.6%, which compares favorably with published reports of 28.7% and 45%. This low complication rate has resulted from the selection of appropriate CO2laser emission parameters and the use of the microspot micromanipulator, which help minimize lateral and/or deep thermal damage at the site of las

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe rat is an altricial animal which serves as a useful model for human auditory development. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of furosemide on cochlear function and the stria vascularis ultrastructure at various postnatal ages. Rat pups anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride/xylazine hydrochloride received furosemide 35 mg/kg intravenously (IV), and the endocochlear potential and compound action potential of the eighth nerve were recorded. The stria vascularis was removed and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. Rat pups 9 to 28 days of age had a much greater reduction of endocochlear potential and elevation of the compound action potential threshold than animals older than 30 days. These physiologic changes were accompanied by edema of the stria on transmission electron microscopy only in animals at susceptible ages. These findings support the concept of a critical period of susceptibility to ototoxic drugs during development and could have important clinical implications in premature infants.

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was designed to determine the influence of certain surgical pathologic findings on tumor spread and survival in patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. All patients with the histopathological diagnosis of carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx from 1955 to 1983 were included in the study. Using the Head and Neck Tumor Registry of the department of otolaryngology of the Washington University School of Medicine, information was obtained regarding preoperative evaluation, staging, classification, diagnosis, treatment, surgical pathology parameters, and outcome results. The patient populations consisted of 545 patients with oral cavity cancer and 224 patients with oropharynx cancer, all of whom were eligible for 3‐year follow‐up.Information from a retrospective analysis of the pretreatment examination records regarding site and size of the primary tumor and neck dissection, and specific treatment, and from surgical pathology reports regarding site, size, tumor spread and resection margins, was correlated with treatment outcome. The database file was analyzed using dbase III and its companion program Framework, and SAS PC (Statistical Analysis Systems for personal compute

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction is currently not listed among the NINCDS‐ADRDA clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. There is a large amount of psychophysical and neuropathologic evidence to suggest that patients with Alzheimer's type dementia have olfactory system abnormalities. The rhinologic status of this group has not been characterized. The authors examined 21 Alzheimer's patients and 21 age‐matched controls to determine whether1.the Alzheimer's group, in fact, had a diminished sense of smell, and whether2.rhinologic factors were responsible for this nasal dysfunction. The findings support a neurologically mediated phenomenon as the cause for significant impairment in olfactory function in patients with probable Alzheimer's dise

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA thorough assessment of the velopharyngeal (VP) closure dynamics is important for therapeutic planning in patients with nasal speech. An additional diagnostic tool to the standard endoscopic examination of the VP valve, the “Forced Sucking Test” (FST) is presented. In this study, 110 patients with a normal VP valve and 40 patients with VP insufficiency were subjected to a comprehensive endoscopic examination. When existent, Passavant's ridge clearly appears in 80% of these cases during the FST. This is advantageous, since the ridge is often unseen during routine nasendoscopy. Passavant's ridge appears indistinguishable in shape and level during speech and FST. During FST, the bulge of the uvular ridge is clearly seen on the flat or concave nasal surface of the velum. In cases of diastasis of the velar musculature, the midline V‐defect of the velum is clearly seen. The test is particularly important in children with concomitant adenoid hypertrophy. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the anatomy and physiology of the VP valve. FST is recommended as an additional and complementary part of the endoscopic examination of the VP

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was carried out to examine the effect of blindfolding one eye on locomotor compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy in guinea pigs. A platform runway, designed to examine the locomotion of this species of animals, was used. Eighteen Hartley‐strain albino guinea pigs were used. These animals were divided into three groups, with seven in the control group, six whose right eye had been surgically closed in another group, and five whose left eye had been surgically closed in yet another group. After 7 to 11 days of training, a chemical labyrinthectomy by chloroform injection into the middle ear was performed under light ether anesthesia. Animals were checked for locomotion daily by the aforementioned platform method for about a week until regaining preprocedure levels.The locomotor compensation, depicted through the decrement of the deviation count and running time, was observed. Results have shown that the animal's locomotor compensation retarded significantly in the one‐eye groups compared to the control group. In addition, those animals whose one eye, ipsilateral to the labyrinthectomy side, was closed required significantly longer time to resume the preprocedure running performance level than the animals whose one eye, contralateral to the lesion side, was closed. Thus, during locomotor compensation, the visual input obtained by animals with one eye ipsilateral to the labyrinthectomy side may be important compared to the visual input of the animals with the contralateral

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBotulinum toxin produces muscle weakness by inhibition of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. The toxin has been used successfully for symptomatic treatment of focal dystonias. Our experience in the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of oromandibular dystonia in five patients is reported. Improvement following treatment was reported as marked by 1 patient, moderate by 1 patient, and mild by 3 patients. Similar improvement was noted by the examiners. One patient with mild cosmetic improvement developed significant dysphagia requiring feeding by a nasogastric tube for a 3‐month perio

ISSN:0023-852X    

DOI:10.1288/00005537-199111000-00010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY