摘要:

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was recently suggested to be involved in generating kidney lesions in HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVN). The possibility that antiretroviral agents can slow down the usually explosive evolution of HIVN to end-stage renal failure (ESRF) has not been studied in many of the series of cases published. The present work is a retrospective analysis of 11 patients with histologically proven HIVN, 6 of whom were treated with zidovudine. Seven patients (group 1) either required dialysis at the outset, when HIVN was diagnosed, or progressed very fast to ESRF within 15-45 days. Two patients of this group were treated with zidovudine, but it had no effect on kidney function. In the remaining 4 patients (group 2), HIVN progressed more slowly than in group 1. All 4 patients were treated with zidovudine at an earlier stage of the disease than ESRF. Only 1 deteriorated to ESRF in 9 months. The 3 others, who did not have ESRF, were followed up for 13, 10 and 32 months, respectively. Although this is a preliminary study, its results do suggest that zidovudine can slow down the evolution of HIVN to ESRF. They highlight the need to screen HIV-positive patients regularly for proteinuria, in order to detect HIVN by renal biopsies at an early stage of renal lesion formation.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187094

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Center for Devices and Radiological Health, in collaboration with the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, N. Y., conducted a multi-center, multi-institutional study of the seroprevalence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among dialysis workers. Seven dialysis units and 112 dialysis workers participated in the study over a period of 2 years. Participation was limited to dialysis workers who, by questionnaire, denied non-occupational risk factors for HIV infection. The vast majority of the study participants were drawn from areas where the prevalence of HIV infection and AIDS cases are substantially greater than the national average. Study participants received the ELISA test for HIV antibodies. All 112 of the participants tested negative for HIV antibodies. These results are encouraging, as they failed to reveal unrecognized occupational transmission of HIV infection among dialysis workers.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187095

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of the reduction of neutrophils in glomeruli on the improvement of proteinuria and glomerular injuries were determined in the first (heterologous) phase of Masugi (nephrotoxic) nephritis. Male (6-week-old) WKA/Hkm rats were initially injected with 2.0 ml of a newly developed monoclonal antineutrophil antibody and then injected with 1.0 ml of nephrotoxins. This monoclonal anti-neutrophil antibody was found to have selectively reduced the number of neutrophils in the glomerular capillary lumen in cases of Masugi nephritis by light microscopy. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels or superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in renal tissues of such rats were also examined. However, there were no significant differences in the levels of proteinuria and the number of glomerular cells containing resident cells and infiltrated mononuclear cells in the first phase of Masugi nephritis with or without pretreatment with antineutrophil antibody. No significant differences were observed in the levels of MDA or SOD activities in renal tissues of Masugi nephritis with or without pretreatment with such an antibody either. It appeared that infiltration of neutrophils in the glomeruli might not be related to proteinuria and glomerular injuries in the first phase of Masugi nephritis. It was postulated that the massive proteinuria in the first phase of Masugi nephritis might be correlated with the activities of reactive oxygen species induced by the glomerular cells, i.e. glomerular resident cells and infiltrated mononuclear cells.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187096

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can induce a shift in prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. The effects of EPA supplementation of the diet on the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) were evaluated in a model of 5/6 renal mass ablation in rats. After 30 or 60 days of CRF, elevation in single-nephron glomerular filtration rate due to an increase in glomerular plasma flow and hydraulic pressure was observed. These hemodynamic alterations were followed by a rise in proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. EPA treatment for 30 or 60 days did not substantially modify the hemodynamic or morphological profiles induced by renal mass ablation. In the present non-immune model of CRF, preglomerular vasodilation with glomerular hyperperfusion and hypertension were responsible, at least in part, for the presence of proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. No additional vasodilation was observed in the present model of CRF, and, thus, hemodynamic effects induced by EPA did not modify renal damage, in contrast to the EPA effects observed in immune-mediated models of CRF.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187097

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Compared to Wistar (WAG) rats, rats of the fawn-hooded (FH) strain have a high level of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary protein excretion (UpV). To investigate the possible role of vasoactive eicosanoids in this spontaneous model of hyperfiltration and proteinuria, we compared the urinary excretion of thromboxane-B2 (TxB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin (Pg)F1α and PgE2 in male FH and WAG rats during normal ageing. All measurements were performed sequentially in the same animals 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 weeks after weaning. Throughout the study, GFR was higher in FH rats as were the filtration fraction and UpV. From week 24, UpV in FH rats increased progressively. No elevations in UpV were observed in WAG rats. At weeks 12 and 24, the urinary excretion of TxB2, 6-keto-PgF1α and PgE2 was 2-4 times higher in FH rats compared to WAG rats. With time, a shift in the urinary excretion from vasodilator to vasoconstrictor eicosanoids was observed, i.e., the excretion of PgE2 declined and that of TxB2 increased. Proteinuria in FH rats was positively correlated with TxB2 excretion and negatively correlated with PgE2 excretion. We conclude that in FH rats, early hyperfiltration coincides with enhanced urinary excretion of all eicosanoids. Subsequent progressive proteinuria is associated with an increase in TxB2 and a decrease in PgE2 excretio

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187098

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We present a case of monoclonal cryoglobulinemia with double monoclonal component IgA lambda-IgG lambda, without complement activation, membra-noproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) with deposits of IgA, IgG and lambda chains and lymphocytic IgA-lambda-chain-secreting lymphoma. This case emphasizes the possibility that double monoclonal cryoglobulins could behave differently compared to type I cryoglobulins, determining a MPGN-like type II cryoglobulins do, but without activating the complement cascade.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187099

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187100

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187101

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187102

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187103

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger