ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185568

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 6 male subjects the diurnal variation of urinary oxalic acid excretion was studied after ingestion of chocolate, a food stuff rich in oxalic acid. The ingestion of chocolate caused a striking but transient increase in urinary oxalic acid excretion due to its absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The peak excretion rates occurred 2–4 h after the intake of the chocolate. The peak values were 235% of the fasting excretion rate in the trial with 50 g chocolate and 289% in the trial with 100 g chocolate and reached the amounts found in cases with primary hyperoxaluria. The administration of ranitidine had no influence on oxalic acid absorption. The transient hyperoxaluria observed seems to be an important factor for the formation of calcium oxalate calculi in patients on risk for stone disorder

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185238

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185569

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We observed nocturnal urinary protein excretion to be 16.2 ± 5.5 μg/min (mean ± SE) in 9 healthy control subjects (group I), 29.3 ± 9.5 μg/min in 12 obese patients suspected to have obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) but with negative polysomnographic studies (group II), and 94.0 ± 31.8 μg/min in 14 patients with documented OSAS (group III) (II vs. I, NS; III vs. I, p < 0.05; III vs. II, p < 0.05). The frequency of abnormal proteinuria, defined as protein excretion greater than the highest rate observed in group I (46 μg/min), was 14% in group II and 64% in group III (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in age, body weight, body surface area, blood pressure, or indices of sleep apnea between OSAS patients with and without proteinuria. Although the mechanism is unclear, this study shows that nocturnal protein excretion rates are commonly elevated in patients wi

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185239

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185570

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Luminol-amplified chemiluminescence was used to study the oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), in resting state and in response to opsonized zymosan, in 65 patients with different degrees of chronic renal failure (CRF) or on regular dialysis treatment (RDT). Every patient was compared on the same day with a normal subject. Furthermore, the serum opsonic activity was evaluated, cross-matching zymosan opsonized by serum from CRF-RDT patients and normals with PMN from CRF-RDT patients and normals. PMN resting chemiluminescence showed a progressive increase inversely related to the glomerular filtration rate, and it remained high in patients on RDT. Zymosan-activated chemiluminescence indicated a deficit in phagocytosis for PMN of patients with a glomerular filtration rate lower than 10 ml/min, persisting in RDT patients. The serum opsonic activity was always significantly lower in CRF and in RDT patients than in the control group; this defect was already present in patients with mild renal impairment. Our findings suggest that PMN from CRF or RDT patients have an increased reactive oxygen metabolite production in the resting state that may cause cell and tissue damage; the opsonization impairment and the decreased PMN phagocytic activity contribute to increased vulnerability to infection in these patients.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185241

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

102 episodes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis were studied prospectively during a 288-day perod at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham. Organisms were isolated from 76% of the episodes, with coagulase-negative staphylococci, being the most commonly encountered organism (55%). Initial treatment consisted of intraperitoneal vancomycin and ceftazidime with subsequent adjustment on the basis of antibiotic sensitivities. With this regimen, 83% of the positive cultures became negative by 72 h, 9.8% of cases relapsed and removal of the CAPD catheter was necessary in 8 patients (7.8%). Overall, 92% of cases were cured. No adverse drug reactions were seen. This combination of antibiotics appears effective and safe in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185242

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Urinary excretion of alpha-glucosidase (AGL), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and ribonuclease (RNase), and serum amylase and immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) were determined in 38 control subjects, 48 patients with pancreatic cancer, 77 with chronic pancreatitis and 47 with extrapancreatic diseases in order to ascertain the presence of a renal tubular damage and to investigate its etiology. A significantly increased frequency of pathological results for all urinary enzymes was documented in the various groups of patients as compared to controls. Significant correlations were detected among AGL, GGT and RNase. Considering the subjects as a whole, GGT and RNase excretions correlated with serum IRT and amylase; the two urinary enzymes were found to be higher when jaundice was present. In chronic pancreatic disease enzymuria was related to increased serum pancreatic enzymes; in extrapancreatic diseases it was associated to hyperbilirubinemia. The vast majority of patients with pancreatic cancer and elevated urinary enzymes presented hepatic metastases and/or jaundice. We can conclude that an anatomical and functional tubular impairment is detectable in some patients with chronic pancreatic and extrapancreatic diseases. Tubular damage seems at least in part to be related to pancreatic inflammation and necrosis in chronic pancreatic disease, while jaundice may be found to play an important role in diseases of the hepatobiliary tract. In pancreatic cancer, liver dysfunction (presence of liver metastases and/or extrahepatic cholestasis) also appears to be involved in altering tubular cells.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185243

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fawn-hooded (FH) rats develop low-renin hypertension which is preceded by a decrease in urinary kallikrein. We examined urinary excretion of active and inactive kallikrein in hypertensive FH male rats and matched animals of the ancestral, normotensive Wistar strain. To determine the effects of modulation of salt intake on the kallikrein profile, rats were given standard rat chow (0.39% NaCl), a low-salt diet (0.02% NaCl), or a high-salt diet (standard chow plus water with 1% NaCl). Control FH rats excreted less active kallikrein (p < 0.02), had similar amounts of inactive kallikrein, and had a higher inactive/active kallikrein ratio (p < 0.02) than control Wistar rats. Low salt intake increased active kallikrein 136% (p < 0.002) and 54% (p < 0.035) in FH and Wistar rats, respectively, but did not change the level of inactive kallikrein or the inactive/active kallikrein ratio. High salt intake had no effect on kallikrein excretion in either strain. Low salt intake did not change blood pressure in either strain in spite of significant changes in plasma renin activity, angiotensin II and active kallikrein excretion. The low urinary active kallikrein and the high inactive/active kallikrein ratio in FH rats do not appear to play a role in the established hypertension in the FH rat, since modulation of these parameters did not cause a significant change in the elevated blood pressure.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185244

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Both ethanol consumption and uremia are considered to be associated with wasting, malnutrition and debilitation. The present study was designed to investigate as to whether ethanol exerts a stimulatory effect on the catabolic state of renal failure. Rats underwent 5/6-nephrectomy and were fed either with or without ethanol. The degree of uremia was comparable in both groups. Ethanol-fed uremic rats, however, displayed higher serum levels of urea ( + 103%) and glucose ( + 29%), as compared to uremic animals without alcohol. Subsequently, the urea N appearance was enhanced ( + 60%) in uremic rats with alcohol as compared to uremic animals without alcohol. In sham rats urea N appearance was also increased ( + 39%) following ethanol administration in comparison to sham-operated rats without alcohol, albeit to a lesser degree. Urinary Nt-methylhistidine excretion, an indicator of myofibrillar protein breakdown, was enhanced throughout the experiment in uremic rats receiving ethanol. Finally, ethanol caused higher urinary excretion rates of corticosterone in uremic animals as compared to uremic rats without ethanol. There was a significant correlation between urinary corticosterone excretion and both urea N appearance and urinary Nt-methylhistidine excretion. We conclude that ethanol consumption further aggravates the catabolic state of uremia and that this is mediated by an increment in glucocorticoid production.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000185245

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger