摘要:

The observation of a significant postdialysis rebound in the serum concentration of small molecules demonstrates the existence of a limited cellular clearance (KC). Theory suggests that KC is proportionate to weight, and it is therefore more rational in interindividual comparisons to measure the normalised cellular clearance (KCn). Both variables can be determined from the shape of the rebound curve. KC and KCn were determined in 34 maintenance dialysis patients on two occasions, obtaining the following values: KC urea 502 ± 179 ml/min, KCn urea 7.80 ± 2.42 ml/kg/min, KC creatinine 394 ± 141 ml/min, KCn creatinine 6.03 ± 1.42 ml/kg/min, KC phosphate 369 ± 132 ml/min, KCn phosphate 5.62 ± 1.24 ml/kg/min. KC was significantly correlated to weight for all three substances, but no correlation was seen between KCn and weight, height, age, sex, uremia duration or dialysis duration. KCn urea was significantly higher that KCn creatinine and KCn phosphate. KC urea was substantially lower than previously published figures, suggesting that some dialysis patients may be underdialysed due to overestimation of KT/V using conventional single-compartment urea kinetic mode

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187928

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity is characterized morphologically by cortical interstitial fibrosis. The most important collagens involved in renal fibrosis are collagen types I and III. In order to estimate the synthesis of type III and type I collagens, we analyzed serum levels of the amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) and the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) in 11 renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine (group CY) and a comparable group of 16 renal transplant recipients treated with azathioprine (group AZ). In addition, 27 healthy subjects and 15 patients with chronic renal disease and reduced renal function (group CRD) were examined. The cyclosporine-treated patients had serum PIIINP and PICP similar to the azathioprine-treated patients. Both groups of renal transplant recipients had significantly increased serum PIIINP compared to healthy controls (2p < 0.01) and serum PIIINP levels similar to group CRD in which serum PIIINP was also elevated compared to healthy controls (2p < 0.01). Mean serum PIIINP levels were: group CY 0.81 U/l (n = 11); group AZ 0.98 U/l (n = 16); controls 0.62 U/l (n = 27); and group CRD 1.06 U/l (n = 15). The renal graft recipients – both cyclosporine- and azathioprine-treated patients – had significantly increased PICP serum levels compared to healthy controls, but the patients with chronic renal disease had serum PICP levels which did not differ from that of healthy controls. Mean serum PICP levels were: group CY 174 μg/l; group AZ 151 μg/l; controls 106 μg/l; and group CRD 119 μg/l. A significant positive correlation was seen between serum creatinine and serum PIIINP in the renal graft recipients (r = 0.51, p < 0.01), but not in the patients with chronic renal disease (r =-0.009, p = 0.49). The data point to an increased synthesis of type I and III collagens in renal transplant recipients. The graft is most likely the source of the increased serum PIIINP and PICP levels. It is suggested that the increased serum levels of propeptides derived from collagen metabolism may reflect continuous immunological destruction of renal tissue causing inflammation and f

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187929

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of Russell’s viper venom on renal hemodynamics were studied in dogs. Intravenous injection of venom resulted in systemic hypotension, decreased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Venom injection in dogs pretreated with indomethacin caused less hypotension and less decrease in renal blood flow without changes in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. When the venom was injected directly into the renal artery, there was systemic hypotension, but urine flow was increased and renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were well maintained. Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase was increased. Direct injection of the venom into the renal artery in indomethacin pretreated dogs decreased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate without change in systemic blood pressure. The findings indicate that the venom has a renal vasodilating effect which is prostaglandin mediated and also causes direct tubular injury. Renal blood flow is the net result of renal perfusion pressure, renal vasoconstriction and renal vasodilatation effec

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187930

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis whether creatine, a metabolite of arginine metabolism, shares the pharmacological activities of arginine reducing collagen accumulation in the diabetic kidney. Ten db/db mice were given, for 3 months, a solution containing a daily dosage of creatine of 50 mg/kg body weight. Eleven db/db mice served as controls. At the end of the 3-month study period, the mean N-carboxymethyllysine concentration in the untreated group was significantly higher than in the treated group (0.163 ± 0.18 versus 0.096 ± 0.017 nmol/μmol hydroxyproline, p < 0.001). Collagen accumulation was also significantly higher in the untreated than in the treated group (2.21 ± 0.24 versus 1.68 ± 0.22 μmol hydroxyproline/100 mg kidney weight, p < 0.001). We conclude that creatine led to a significant reduction in collagen type IV accumulation resembling arginine or aminoguanidine action. We do suggest that the guanidino group common to both compounds is able to block reactive carb

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187931

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of fluvastatin, a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on the hyperhpidemia associated with nephrosis were studied. Nephrotic rats, induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (100 mg/kg body weight), had significantly higher plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol and apoprotein (apo) B concentrations than controls. Fluvastatin was administrated as a 0.01% solution in drinking water for 14 days to either normal control or nephrotic rats. Concentrations of TG and apo B in plasma, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in nephrosis were completely normalized by the treatment with fluvastatin, but concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and each lipoprotein fraction were not altered by the treatment. The ratio of apo E to C in VLDL was significantly decreased in nephrotic rats, but the fluvastatin treatment increased this ratio. TG secretion rate estimated by the Triton WR1339 method was significantly increased in nephrotic rats, but was normalized by fluvastatin. Percent composition of TG in newly secreted VLDL particles in post-Triton plasma was not decreased by fluvastatin treatment, suggesting that the number of newly secreted VLDL particles was reduced by the treatment. Postheparin plasma lipolytic activities were not affected by the fluvastatin treatment. These results demonstrate that fluvastatin can effectively ameliorate the high concentration of VLDL by suppressing the hepatic secretion in nephrotic rats, and suggest that an inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis suppresses VLDL secretion from the liver.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187932

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor B (ANPR-B) varies between tissues and species. The aim of this study is to determine whether ANPR-B is present in the hamster glomeruli. In vitro C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)- and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-stimulated cGMP accumulation studies were performed in hamster glomeruli. Elevated cGMP accumulations were observed upon ANF addition. No cGMP response was seen with CNP. Competitive receptor-binding experiments were performed with 125I-CNP and 125I-ANF against their respective cold peptides in hamster glomeruli. Although no CNP binding was detected, positive ANF binding was found and two types of ANF receptor were demonstrated. The affinity (Kd1) and maximum binding capacity (Bmax1) of the high-affinity ANF receptor were 0.014 ± 0.001 nMand 60.4 ± 10.2 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Those of the low-affinity receptor (Kd2 and Bmax2) were 45.7 ± 6.2 nM and 28.3 ± 6.3 pmol/mg protein, respectively. Similarly, saturation binding experiments also failed to show any CNP receptor binding in hamster glomeruli. This finding suggests that ANPR-B is not present in hamster glomeruli and CNP is not a direct physiological regulator of hamster renal funct

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187933

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We describe two cases of chronic Q fever in hemodialysis patients (HD). In the first case, we discovered chronic Q fever when looking for the cause of an unexplained fever. In the second case, Q fever was diagnosed in a patient who complained of an unexplained shoulder arthritis. To our knowledge these are the first reported cases of chronic Q fever in HD.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187934

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187935

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187936

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187937

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger