摘要:

The effect of hypertension on the rate of progression of renal failure was analyzed in 26 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease relating the slopes of progression (linear regression of the reciprocal serum creatinine on time) with the average mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic pressure, derived over the entire follow-up period for each patient. Hypertension was found in 19 of the 26 patients. Using simple linear regression, there was no significant correlation between the two variables in any case. Using polynomial regression (quadratic and cubic), this relationship fits a sigmoid (for diastolic pressure) or a negative parabolic curve (for mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure); i.e. the lowest and the highest values of mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure were associated with faster rates of progression. Thus, an appropriate model to study this relationship is not the linear but the polynomial regression.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186995

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an autocrine growth factor of cultured mesangial cells (MC) and intraglomerular IL-6 production is suggested to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of human mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (mesPGN). In this study, to elucidate the mechanisms regulating the intraglomerular production of IL-6, we examined what kinds of stimuli are significant in the induction of IL-6 synthesis in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of cultured mesangial cells with interleukin 1 (IL-1) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced significant IL-6 production, and intravenous injection of IL-1 or LPS into normal BALB/c mice induced significant intraglomerular IL-6 mRNA expression. Furthermore, we indicated in this study that IL-6 mRNA expression was augmented in the glomeruli of mice with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186996

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

β-Endorphin is an endogenous opioid considered to be a modulator of immune injury. We studied the binding of [125I]β-endorphin on cultured rat mesangial cells at 4 and 37°C. The results were analyzed by computer program (Ligand). Incubation of rat mesangial cells with unlabeled β-endorphin displaced [125I]β-endorphin in a concentration-dependent manner. The binding of [125I]β-endorphin was not affected by either opiate agonists or antagonists. Saturation studies at 37 °C revealed that β-endorphin binding was time dependent. Binding studies revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity binding sites with an apparent Kd of 15.3 nM. The number of receptor sites was calculated as 8.48 × 105 sites/cell. Mesangial cells exposed to β-endorphin (10-6M) for 48 h showed enhanced incorporation of [3H]thymidine when compared to untreated cells (control, 23,228 ± 2,778 cpm/well vs. β-endorphin, 44,887 ± 4,259 cpm/well; p < 0.01). Our results show that mesangial cells carry a specific receptor for β-endorphin which may be linked to proliferation of me

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186997

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of verapamil on the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin was examined in rats. Rats were injected with one of the two or both drugs for 6 days and sacrificed 48 h after the last injection. In verapamil-treated rats (5 mg/kg/day), no histological or biochemical evidence of renal injury was detected. In all gentamicin-treated rats (100 mg/kg/day), a significant increase in kidney weight was observed (p < 0.001). The renal histopathologic lesions were more extensive in rats treated simultaneously with both gentamicin and verapamil. These rats exhibited a decline in body weight earlier (from day 4) than rats injected with gentamicin alone (from day 6). Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine in the latter group of rats were 24.9 ± 3.7 and 1.1 ± 0.1 versus 47.4 ± 8.6 and 1.6 ± 0.2 mg/dl, respectively, in rats treated with the combined therapy (p < 0.05). These results indicate that verapamil increases the severity of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. This interaction should be considered as a factor that can potentially increase the nephrotoxic risk associated with gentamicin administrat

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186998

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The renal effects of acyclovir (100 mg/kg body weight i.p. for 7 days) were studied in rats. All animals became polyuric and presented an increase in blood urea nitrogen and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium. During hypotonic saline infusion, the acyclovir-treated rats showed higher distal fractional delivery compared to normal rats (27.8 ± 4.7 vs. 11.3 ± 0.9%, p < 0.01) and a lower ratio of free-water clearance to distal sodium delivery (33.5 ± 7.8 vs. 57.2 ± 3.9%, p < 0.02). Following hypertonic saline infusion, the ratio of osmolar to inulin clearance was higher in acyclovir rats (47.8 ± 7.4%) than in normal rats (27.0 ± 4.8%), whereas the ratio of free-water reabsorption to osmolar clearance was lower in the acyclovir rats (13.6 ± 4.6 vs. 38.2 ± 3.2%, p < 0.01). These findings suggest an effect of acyclovir on the proximal tubule, thick ascending limb and/or inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). In vitro measurements of 3H2O permeability of perfused IMCD of normal rats showed that vasopressin (50 μU/ ml) added to the bath increased the diffusional water permeability (43.4 ± 4.8 vs. 105.6 ± 9.1×10-5 cm/s), while in acyclovir rats, the control value (58.8 ± 9.1 × 10-5 cm/s) did not increase significantly in the presence of vasopressin (71.3 ± 13.6 × 10-5 cm/s). These results suggest that high doses of acyclovir produce azotemia and an abnormal function of the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb associated with resistance to vasopres

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186999

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of .L-arginine on advanced stage nonenzymatic glycosylation end products in glomerular basement membrane (GBM) as represented by carboxymethyllysine (CML). Twelve db/db mice were given a solution containing a daily dosage of L-arginine of 50 mg/kg body weight orally. Twelve db/db mice served as controls. At the end of the 4-months study period treated animals had significantly lower concentrations of CML (0.084 ± 0.008, 0.071-0.098 nmol/µmol OH-proline; mean ± SD, range, p < 0.01) compared to untreated controls (0.11 ± 0.018, 0.095-0.152 nmol/ µmol OH-proline). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between GBM thickness and concentrations of CML (r = 0.86, p < 0.001). We conclude that reduction of CML concentrations in treated db/db mice possibly reflects a beneficial effect of L-arginine on advanced stage nonenzymatic glycosylation endproducts in GBM. In addition, measuring CML concentrations might have future clinical implications as a noninvasive parameter for basement membrane thicke

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187000

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Glomerulopathy and nephrotic syndrome were induced in rats by intravenous puromycin aminonucleoside. Ten days after the injection of puromycin, the animals have developed heavy proteinuria. During this phase, glomerular epithelial cell endocytosis was studied by injecting a conjugate of horseradish peroxidase and poly-L-lysine. This conjugate has been shown to be endocytosed by glomerular epithelial cells. The rats were serially sacrificed from 1 min to 24 h after this injection. Peroxidase was localised cytochemically and observed at light and electron microscopy. The early events of endocytosis in glomerulopathy (namely the binding to the plasma membrane, the membrane invagination and the formation of the early vesicles) were qualitatively similar to those in the normal. The later events (the fusion of the vesicles and their movement within the cells) were inhibited. The results show that puromycin aminonucleoside damages epithelial cell endocytotic activity and affects the later processing of the conjugate within the cells.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187001

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report here a chronic haemodialysis patient who had severe anaemia following replacement of his aortic valve. The investigations confirmed a traumatic valve effect. The surgeons were reluctant to replace the valve because of the high cardiothoracic risk and absence of significant leak or stenosis. Furthermore, the patient refused to consider additional surgery. We changed his modality of dialysis to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; subsequently, there was a dramatic decrease in his transfusion requirement, and the patient was symptomatically and functionally better. A literature search indicates that this therapeutic response has not been reported before.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187002

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Spontaneous allograft rupture after kidney transplantation is a rare complica tion usually due to an acute rejection of the interstitial type. In a 32-year-old man kidney transplantation was performed under immunosuppression with prednisolone and ciclosporin (CS). The dose of CS was 5 mg/kg body weight intravenously for the first 24 h, on the 2nd day 10 mg/kg/day orally, with gradually decreasing doses thereafter. The patient remained oliguric in the postoperative period and received additionally 600 ml mannitol solution intravenously for osmodiuresis within a period of 6 days. On the 8th postoperative day, 48 h after the last intravenous infusion of mannitol, spontaneous renal rupture occurred. The CS concentrations in the blood during the days before the rupture were within the upper normal range for effective immunosuppression (300-600 ng/ ml). Intraoperatively the kidney appeared enlarged due to edematous swelling of the graft, but it showed no signs of rejection. The histological finding was a toxic tubulopathy with extensive isometric vacuolization and peritubular congestion, a known side effect of both of CS and of mannitol. The rupture was successfully repaired. Thirty-four days after the transplantation diuresis increased and hemodialysis therapy could be discontinued. In a second biopsy of the kidney the signs of toxic tubulopathy with isometric vacuolization were reduced. On the following days the serum creatinine dropped below 160 μmol/l. It can be assumed that the combination of CS therapy and administration of massive and continued doses of mannitol in an oliguric patient with allograft kidney may potentiate severe tubulopathy with concomitant edematous swelling of the graft. This can result in an increasing danger of spontaneous renal rupture

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187003

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 61-year-old Japanese female on hemodialysis developed marked eosinophilia induced by nafamostat mesilate as an anticoagulant for hemodialysis. This is the first case of hypereosinophilic syndrome induced by nafamostat mesilate in a hemodialysis patient. The elevated eosinophil counts (51,900/mm3) are the highest for hemodialysis-associated eosinophilia. This eosinophilia was eliminated after cessation of nafamostat mesilate. We confirmed that the cause of this eosinophilia was nafamostat mesilate by using the challenge test.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187004

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger