摘要:

The effect of anticoagulation upon renal edema and plasma protein accumulation in acute ischemic renal damage was studied. Rats were subjected to unilateral renal artery occlusion for 60 min and 15 min of reflow. The kidney weight and the content of 125-I-fibrinogen and 131-I-albumin, injected 24 h priorly, were measured and the renal morphology studied. Groups of rats were pretreated with a heparin analogue with low anticoagulant effect, standard heparin, warfarin or saline. A marked increase in fibrinogen and albumin content and of the weight of the damaged kidney was noted. Heparin and warfarin both significantly attenuated these changes, whereas the heparin analogue did not. Microscopically, fibrin-positive material was seen in the peritubular capillaries, vasa recta and in the tubules of rats pretreated with saline or the heparin analogue, but not in rats pretreated with heparin or warfarin. The results support the hypothesis that fibrin deposition in the kidney is of importance for the development of renal edema in this model of ischemic renal damage.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186772

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The long-term effects of neutralized dialysate used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were evaluated in 8 well-controlled patients. Twelve milliliters of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate was added to Dianeal PD-1 immediately before every administration. The final pH was 6.8 and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate was 6 mmol/l. The final sodium level was 138 mEq/l. This dialysate was used for 5 months. For 2 months before and 3 months after this period, Dianeal PD-2 was used as the dialysate for comparison. Blood bicarbonate levels significantly improved during the use of the neutralized dialysate. Blood sodium, chloride and magnesium levels and the effluent volume significantly increased. Sodium balance improved during the period when neutralized dialysate was used. Total leukocyte counts in the effluent decreased, and leukocyte viability increased. Abdominal distention, abdominal pain during instillation, nausea and headache improved. No side effects, including peritonitis, occurred during the trial of neutralized dialysate. The results suggest that this dialysate was less irritating to the peritoneal membrane than the control dialysate and that the therapeutic effects were satisfactory.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186773

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Following loss of functional renal mass induced by a single parenteral injection of folic acid, the increased proliferation of tubular epithelium to replace injured and necrotic cells was associated with S6 kinase activation and enhanced phosphorylation of this ribosomal protein in vitro, EGF administered 1.5 h after folic acid promoted the phosphorylation of S6 protein and accelerated the regenerative repair process. In contrast, the hypertrophic response of the kidney following uninephrectomy was not associated with S6 kinase activation. The results of this study suggest a close correlation between levels of S6 protein phosphorylation and the degree of cell proliferation in the rat kidney.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186774

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fourteen-week-old female New Zealand B/W Fl mice were treated subcutaneously with 15-deoxyspergualin (DSP) at 0.3 mg-6.0 mg/kg body weight, 4 times/week. They were sacrificed at 36 weeks of age to determine the minimal effective dose as well as the lowest maximally effective dose without toxicity of DSP required to suppress the development of nephropathy. The life span of the animals was significantly prolonged with 0.6 mg/kg or more DSP. Additionally, glomerular (immuno)histological improvement of the kidney at 36 weeks was observed with 0.6 mg/kg DSP, although a higher dose was required to lower serum anti-DNA activity or to decrease proteinuria. In addition, DSP produced a decrease of L3T4+ splenocytes without affecting the number of Lyt 2+ cells, while the level of IL-2 generated in vitro was somewhat elevated. It may be concluded that DSP has a therapeutic range within an order often, but its exact mechanism of immunosuppression remains to be determined.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186775

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Protein restriction ameliorates proteinuria in acute adriamycin (ADR) nephrosis and decreases the renal levels of xanthine oxidase (XO), a putative mediator of ADR nephrotoxicity. Hypothetically, the effect of protein restriction on renal XO levels may be due to variations in plasma and tissue proteic amino acids (AA). To elucidate this point, the levels of AA in plasma and in renal homogenates were determined in rats with ADR nephrosis and fed diets with different protein contents: (a) high (35%) casein; (b) standard (21%) casein; (c) low (9%) casein; (d) low casein plus a synthetic mixture of Val, Leu and Ile. The protein content of the diet determined certain marked variations in plasma AA: high levels of Val, Leu and Ile were found in rats fed on a high protein diet, while the same AA were low in rats on low protein regimen. Supplementation of the low protein diet with a synthetic mixture of branched-chain AA (Val, Leu and Ile) normalized the plasma levels of these AA. In spite of these changes, tissue AA were similar in all groups, regardless of the protein contents of the diets. Furthermore, the levels of renal XO and proteinuria were unrelated to variations in plasma AA, since both parameters were low in protein-restricted and protein-restricted AA-supplemented rats while high in rats fed a high or normoproteic diet. These data demonstrate that low protein diets induce marked alterations in plasma AA composition which are similar in may respects to those found in protein malnutrition. Tissue AA levels are not related to their circulating pool and no variation in renal proteosynthetic AA is determined by low protein diets, in spite of marked changes in their plasma levels. Finally, while the protein content of the diet influences renal levels of XO and proteinuria in ADR nephrotic rats, plasma AA do not. Other regulatory mechanisms of renal enzymes and of proteinuria by diet must therefore be hypothesized.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186776

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the acute effect of methylguanidine (MG), a suspected uremic toxin that accumulates in renal failure, on p-aminohippurate (PAH) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) uptake in rabbit kidney slices, on Na+, K+ ATPase activity in the microsomal fraction of rabbit kidneys, and on transepithelial active Na transport across toad skin. MG at concentrations ranging from 0.05 (similar to that reported in uremic patients) to 1.0 ml does not affect the organic anion (PAH) uptake, although it exhibits a concentration-dependent inhibition of organic cation (TEA) uptake. MG at concentrations from 0.05 to 5 mM had no effect on kidney Na+, K+ 1 mM) stimulated Na transport when applied to the inside bathing solution. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that MG is a potential uremic toxin that causes the natriuresis and other toxic effects. However, long-term toxic effecs of MG on the kidney were not assessed in the present study.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186777

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report the case of a 39-year-old male patient with Goodpasture’s syndrome. Despite therapy with prednisone, cyclosphosphamide and plasma exchanges, serum creatinine (Scr) progressively increased up to 10.3 mg/dl (936 μmol/l) and hemoptysis recurred 3 months after initiation of treatment. Ciclosporin (CS) starting at 6 mg/kg/day was given. Scr began to decrease 2 weeks later and eventually stabilized at approximately 2.0 mg% (182 μmol/l). This case illustrates one of the potential uses of CS in human glomerular dise

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186778

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a 38-year-old renal transplant recipient living in an endemic country. Antimonial derivatives induced a rapid remission. A review of the literature disclosed 8 cases of this association with a fatal fulminant outcome in 5 cases. We suggest that the specific immunosuppression used in renal transplant patients might facilitate the development of a dormant infection and in these patients the misleading presentation may delay the diagnosis. Moreover special caution with treatment of leishmaniasis must be taken in renal transplant because of possible interactions between antimony compounds and ciclosporin metabolites. In renal transplant patients living in endemic countries, visceral leishmaniasis should be kept in mind as a potential cause of unexplained long-standing fever and considered as an opportunistic infection.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186779

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of the study was to determine if oral pentoxifylline prevented dialysis induced hypoxaemia and neutropaenia. Fifteen stable chronic haemodialysis patients were routinely dialysed using either a cuprophane or cellulose acetate membrane. Bloods for white blood count (WCC) and pO2 were taken at time 0, 20,80,140 and 200 min. The procedure was repeated in the same patients 2 h after the ingestion of 400 mg of pentoxifylline. There was a highly significant drop in WCC at time 20 min and pO2 over the dialysis period, which was not prevented by pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline levels taken at time 0 in 11 patients were in the therapeutic range and it is concluded that pentoxifylline does not prevent dialysis induced neutropaenia or hypoxaemia.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186780

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186781

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger