摘要:

Analysis of the five different serum isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is of great value in the differential diagnosis of various diseases. In order to investigate the changes of serum LDH isoenzymes in several renal diseases, 44 patients with Korean hemorrhagic fever, 10 patients with chronic renal failure, 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 15 healthy subjects were studied. The isoenzymes of LDH were determined by the Helena LDH isoenzyme electrophoresis procedure. LDHl was 22.3 ± 2.8, LDH2 29.4 ± 5.1, LDH3 20.8 ± 4.5, LDH4 9.0 ± 2.7 and LDH5 8.8 ± 3.2 mU/ml in healthy subjects. In patients in the oliguric stage of Korean hemorrhagic fever, LDHl was 63.4 ± 28.5, LDH2 99.7 ± 40.7, LDH3 107.5 ± 39.0, LDH4 41.9 ± 32.8 and LDH5 37.2 ± 26.3 mU/ml, while LDHl was 23.8 ± 11.7, LDH2 38.9 ± 14.6, LDH3 36.0 ± 18.7, LDH4 13.8 ± 13.0 and LDH5 12.7 ± 7.6 mU/ml in nonoliguric patients. In patients with chronic renal failure LDH1 was 33.2 ± 10.8, LDH2 41.9 ± 13.3, LDH3 27.7 ± 8.5, LDH4 12.1 ± 6.2 and LDH5 12.3 ± 5.8 mU/ml. In patients with nephrotic syndrome, LDH1 was 25.1 ± 4.3, LDH2 33.5 ± 4.9, LDH3 23.1 ± 6.2, LDH4 8.4 ± 3.7 and LDH5 8.4 ± 3.4 mU/ml. In summary, LDH3 activity was elevated in the oliguric stage of Korean hemorrhagic fever and LDH2 was elevated in chronic renal failure; those values were corre

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186216

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone and urinary fractional excretion of sodium (%FENa) were measured in 22 athletes before and after 1 h running. After exercise the hormones increased significantly, while %FENa decreased. In fact, the percent PRA increases resulted higher than the percent ANP increases with a significant inverse correlation. It is concluded that hemodynamic changes during strenuous and prolonged physical exercise lead to the inhibition of the natriuretic properties of ANP by stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, although a feedback mechanism of modulation between ANP and PRA seems to occur.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186217

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Besides complement, interleukin-1 and β2-microglobulin, activation of granulocyte function has been found out to be the major parameter in the determination of dialyzer biocompatibility. Unfortunately, the term ‘granulocyte activation’ has been widely used without restriction to distinct functions or definition of the related metabolic pathways. Therefore, the present study aims to elucidate the influence of hemodialysis (HD) pure membrane contact on granulocyte O2- release. The activation of this metabolic pathway which is also known as the so-called oxidative burst has been generally accepted as the initial signal in the granulocyte inflammatory activation cascade. Two membranes which have been previously shown to differ most widely in biocompatibility, cuprophane and polysulfone, have been selected. During HD with cuprophane the stimulatable O2- release was initially decreased, whereas polysulfone HD was effectless on granulocyte oxidative metabolism. The inhibition was due to a prestimulation of the granulocyte by pure interaction of the cell with the surface of the dialyzer membrane which could be proved by evaluating a plasma-free model. Activation of oxidative metabolism was strongly correlated with granulocyte adherence, showing a significantly higher rate of cell adherence in the case of cuprophane. Nevertheless, sheer forces were able to prevent granulocytes becoming adherent directly to the dialyzer membrane, but sheer forces were not able to influence the oxidative burst reaction, suggesting that the membrane-related stimulation of oxidative metabolism occurs immediately after a very short, possibly a single and hasty contact of the cell to the surface of the dialyzer memb

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186218

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chronic renal failure is associated with structural and functional abnormalities of the exocrine system of the pancreas. Certain data suggest that the excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) in these patients may participate in the genesis of these pancreatic derangements. However, direct evidence that PTH exerts a direct effect on the exocrine pancreatic system is not well documented. The present study examined the effects of the intact molecule (1–84 PTH) and of the amino-terminal fragment (1–34 PTH) of the hormone on the basal output of pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) volume and pancreatic protein secretion in the rat. 1–84 PTH but not 1–34 PTH significantly (p < 0.01) stimulated the output of PPJ volume without an effect on protein secretion. The magnitude of this stimulatory effect of 1–84 PTH depended on the dose of the hormone administered, and it was related to its biological activity, since inactivation of PTH abolished its action on the output of PPJ volume. The simultaneous administration of the calcium channel blocker, verapamil, reduced but did not abolish the stimulatory effect of PTH on the volume of PPJ output. The data demonstrate that: (1) the ductal cells of the pancreatic acini are targets for PTH and (2) the action of the hormone on these cells is mediated, at least in part, via PTH-induced entry of calcium into the tar

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186219

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was designed to evaluate the observer reliability in the scoring of the activity and chronicity indexes, among three experienced pathologists, in renal biopsies from lupus nephritis (LN). Twenty-five renal biopsies of LN, were evaluated independently by three pathologists to assess the interobserver variability. For the intraobserver agreement, 5 biopsies were evaluated twice by each pathologist. The interobserver agreement for the scoring of the activity and chronicity indexes was 0.81 and 0.86, respectively. In the intraobserver agreement the same results were: for the pathologist 1,0.95 and 0.70; for the pathologist 2,0.91 and 0.55; for the pathologist 3,0.89 and 0.82. In conclusion the agreement for the scoring of the activity and chronicity indexes in biopsies from LN was excellent.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186220

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Magnesium lithospermate B and adenine were given simultaneously to rats p.o. in order to investigate their renal effects. In rats given magnesium lithospermate B at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight/day for 12 or 24 days, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and renal blood flow were increased significantly. A significant increase in renal function parameters was also found in rats given 10 mg of magnesium lithospermate B. Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 was increased by administration of magnesium lithospermate B, while those of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α and thromboxane B2 were unaffected at a dose of 5 mg or 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 12 or 24 days. The activity of kallikrein in urine increased markedly and significantly in rats given 5 or 10 mg of magnesium lithospermate B for 12 or 24 days. From these results, it seems that magnesium lithospermate B increases renal function by improving the renal circulatory state through activation of kallikrein and promotion of prostaglandin E2 production

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186221

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum indoxyl sulfate, which is markedly accumulated in uremic patients, cannot be removed efficiently by hemodialysis due to its albumin binding. To determine if oral adsorbent (AST-120) can decrease its serum concentration in uremic state, oral adsorbent was administered to experimental nephrectomized uremic rats. Uremic rats fed with oral adsorbent showed a significantly lower serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate compared to control uremic rats, even when serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine were not significantly decreased in the uremic rats fed with oral adsorbent. Indoxyl sulfate was detected only at a lower concentration in bile as compared with the serum of uremic rats. These results suggest that oral adsorbent adsorbs indole, a precursor of indoxyl sulfate, in the intestine and prevents the accumulation of indoxyl sulfate in uremic rats.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186222

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Indirect evidence suggests that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is augmented in chronic renal disease. The object of our present study is to examine the release of ANP from isolated atria obtained from chronic renal failure rats to directly determine whether ANP secretions are increased under these conditions. Experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats (200–225 g) who were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy of sham operation. Plasma blood urea nitrogen was significantly elevated in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (65 ± 7 vs. 16 ± 1 mg%). Overall glomerular filtration rate was 2.36 ± 0.06 ml/min in sham-operated animals, as opposed to 0.55 ± 0.11 ml/min in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Fractional excretion of sodium was significantly higher in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (0.52 ± 0.01 vs. 1.68 ± 0.21%). Plasma ANP was 102 ± 4 pg/ml in normal rats and 161 ± 14 pg/ml in 5/6 nephrectomized ones. We have also measured immunoreactive ANP in the atria of normal and 5/6 nephrectomized rats. ANP content and concentration in the atria were lower in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. (652 ± 34 vs. 515 ± 46 ng/mg of tissue). Right atria from normal and nephrectomized animals were superfused with a modified Langendorff preparation. Spontaneous release of ANP was significantly higher from the nephrectomized rats (17.5 ± 0.6 pg/min/mg) than from the normal rats (9.8 ± 0.3 pg/min/mg). These results suggest that ANP may play a role in sodium homeostasis in rats with reduc

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186223

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One serious side effect of ciclosporin (CS) therapy is its acute nephrotoxicity characterized by a marked decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A main determinant of GFR is the ultrafiltration coefficient which is thought to be regulated by the contractile state of the cells of the mesangium. CS enhances contractions of mesangial cells elicited with angiotensin II. By way of a lowered ultrafiltration coefficient this effect of CS may be partly responsible for its acute nephrotoxicity. We have therefore examined the effect of compounds that may attenuate the enhanced contractile response of the smooth-muscle-like mesangial cells. Prostaglandin E2 (10-8–10-5 mol/l) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10-4 mol/l) reduced the number of contracting cells from more than 50% to about 10%. The clinically used agent theophylline (10-5 g/ml) decreased the number of contractions of CS-pretreated mesangial cells from 80.0 to 28.4% (p < 0.001). Additionally, a marked decrease in the percentage of contractions (83.3 to 33.3%; p < 0.001) was observed when the concentration of magnesium chloride was elevated from 0 to 2 mmol/l. The finding that the enhanced contractile response of CS-pretreated mesangial cells can be overcome by theophylline and/or high magnesium levels may be of clinical interest with a view to acute CS nephrotoxicit

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186224

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The therapeutic effect of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSP) in old New Zealand Black/White F1 mice (B/W mice) with clinical nephropathy was studied and compared with cyclophosphamide (CY). The mice were treated with 0.05 ml phosphate-buffered saline, subcutaneously, four times/week, with DSP, 6 mg/kg body weight, s.c, four times/week, or with CY, 15 mg/kg, i.p., once a week, starting at the 28th week of age. They were serially semiquantitated for proteinuria, and serum IgG anti-dsDNA antibody was measured by ELISA. Spleen cell surface markers such as L3T4, Lyt 2 and IgG were flow-cytometrically analyzed, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity in vitro was measured using CTLL cells. Kidney specimens were studied with light and immunofluorescence microscopy. The mice treated with either CY or DSP survived significantly longer than the control mice. L3T4+ cells in the DSP-treated mice at 40 weeks of age were significantly less than those in the 28-week-old control mice (p < 0.05). In contrast, IL-2 generation in the three groups of mice showed no significant variations at 32–40 weeks of age. Serum anti-DNA antibody levels in both of the CY and DSP groups remained low and comparable with that in the 28-week-old mice, and the incidence of significant proteinuria decreased. Likewise, glomerular histology in the treated groups was improved compared with the 28-week-old control mice, and the deposition of IgG and C3 in the treated groups remained unchanged or further decreased. Accordingly, the renal (immuno)histological findings in the DSP group were quite comparable with or even better than those in the CY-treated mice. DSP may have suppressed the abnormal antibody production by modulating the T cell function(s), which is in contrast to the direct action against B cells due to C

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186225

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger