摘要:

Structural changes were studied on the kidney of a potassium-depleted man and on rat kidneys during potassium depletion and repletion. Light and electron microscopy revealed rapid disappearance of intracytoplasmic granules in the renomeduUary cells after potassium repletion in our patient as well as in rats. In potassium-depleted rats a series of ultrastructural changes, which were similar to those observed in the human kidney were seen with potassium repletion. Most of the granules were reduced in size and number, with loss of internal structure, shrinkage and condensation of their contents, and were almost totally eliminated by 72 h of potassium repletion. In some endothelial and interstitial cells, the granules were seen to be in the process of being extruded through an area of gap in the plasma membrane. The results indicate that most of the intracytoplasmic granules in the renal medulla rapidly disappeared by intracytoplasmic digestion and the rest of them were probably eliminated by exocytosis during reversal of potassium depletion nephropathy in man and rats.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184868

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dopamine blockade with the dopamine-l/dopamine-2 antagonist cis-flupenthixol (CF) attenuates sodium excretion associated with saline loading in both innervated and denervated kidneys of the rat. Blockade of adrenal dopamine-2 receptors prevents the decrease in aldosterone secretion associated with saline loading and may also be responsible for the reduction in sodium excretion induced by CF. Therefore, to determine the role of adrenal dopamine-2 receptors in the attenuated natriuresis induced by CF, the effect of CF or vehicle treatment was examined in two groups of saline-loaded rats 80 (group I) and 120 min (group II) after adrenalectomy. In both groups, CF decreased glomerular filtration rate and sodium excretion after adrenalectomy. It is concluded that dopamine blockade attenuates the natriuresis associated with sodium loading by a direct effect in the kidney.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184869

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Experimental ciclosporin (CSA) nephrotoxicity is reported to be more severe in male versus female rodents. To investigate these sex differences further, groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were pair fed and given either CSA 50 mg/kg or olive oil vehicle by gavage daily for 5 days. Both groups of treated animals showed azotemia and depression of CIn but there were no sex differences. CSA levels were 5,820 ng/ml in females and 6,480 ng/ml in males (p = NS). Although CSA did not produce enzymuria in either sex, females showed more extensive proximal tubular cell vacuolization. Conclusion: Female Sprague-Dawley rats are equally as susceptible to CSA nephrotoxicity as males. Strain differences or experimental design may account for apparently conflicting results in the literature.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184870

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to study the effects of vitamin D on aluminium balance when different forms of vitamin D and phosphate binders are used simultaneously for therapeutic purposes, 30 Sprague-Dawley weanling rats, weighing 44–66 g, were randomly assigned to 5 groups: (A) control, (B) aluminum hydroxide, (C) dihydrotachysterol at 16 µg/kg/day, (D) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D at 16 ng/kg/day and (E) vitamin D at 2,000 IU/kg/day. Aluminum hydroxide (60 mg/kg/day) in the feed was provided to all except the control group. The vitamin D or metabolites were fed by stomach tube daily for a period of 10 days. At the end of the study, the mean ( ± SEM) serum aluminum concentration, as determined by nameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, was 5.0 ± 2.4 µg/l; there were no significant differences in these results between groups. During the last three days of the study, 24-hour urine and stool collections were made with the usual precautions against trace mineral contamination. The means ( ± SEM) of aluminum balances for groups A, B, C, D and E were -388 ± 261,1,121 ± 331; 2,316 ± 304; 2,387 ± 245, and 1,968 ± 337 µg/day, respectively. We conclude that at therapeutic doses of aluminum hydroxide and vitamin D or its metabolites, hyperaluminemia was not observed. However, the positive aluminum balances imply retention, and the use of vitamin D, especially its potent metabolites dihydrotachysterol and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, intensifi

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184871

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The peritoneum has been classically considered to be an inert passive membrane. Previous studies demonstrated the presence of fixed anionic charges at the level of the peritoneal microvasculature and the subserosal interstitium. The present study describes the selective distribution of fixed anionic charges in the mesothelial cell plasmalemma and organelles as well as in the submesothelial basal lamina of rat and mice visceral, parietal and diaphragmatic peritoneum. These data support the idea that the peritoneum should be considered a negatively charged biological dialyzing membrane with selective capabilities. Therefore, transperitoneal transfer of charged solutes cannot be analyzed just on the basis of their molecular weight, size and shape.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184872

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The occurrence of acute reversible oliguria is described in a 23-year-old male after ingestion of 1,500 mg of chlorprothixene in a suicidal attempt. In contrast to earlier reports hypothesizing that the pathophysiology of the renal insufficiency associated with chlorprothixene intoxication may be attributed to direct nephrotoxic effects of the compound or to ischaemia owing to transitory unrecognized shock, a careful diagnostic work-up including renal biopsy, disclosed the presence of acute interstitial nephritis.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184873

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We analyzed the impact of prior vascular disease on the outcome of renal transplantation in 99 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Thirty-three patients (group A) had clinical evidence of vascular disease prior to renal transplantation and 66 patients (group B) had no clinical vascular events in the pretransplant period. The median follow-up in group A patients was 14 months and in group B it was 23 months. The group A patients with preexisting vascular disease had a significant increase in mortality (33%) compared to group B (11%) (A vs. B; p = 0.01). The rate of graft loss was not significantly different between the two groups (45 vs. 42%; p = 0.94). Our data suggest that preexisting clinical vascular disease has a significant negative effect on patient survival in diabetic recipients of cadaver kidney transplants.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184883

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184874

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184875

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184876

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger