摘要:

We studied, by both 1st and 2nd generation assay, the prevalence rate of HCVAb in a population of 141 dialysis patients, 37 transplanted patients and 55 staff members. From this study emerges a higher sensitivity of the 2nd generation HCVAb test (15.38 versus 36.79% of positive responses, respectively), and a significant positive correlation between lenghts of dialysis period. We have not found a significant difference between HCVAb-positive and -negative patients in relation to the blood transfusions. None of the 21 CAPD patients (home dialysis) resulted positive, even if transfused. Two nurses were positive. In our experience, the environmental factor seems more important. Since the isolation of the positive patients is an effective but not feasible measure, it is necessary to improve the operating management of the hemodialysis sessions, avoiding any contact between patients via material (instrumentation, monitors) and teaching the staff members to use severe preventive standards with all hemodialysis patients.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186914

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Anti-HCV prevalence in 284 hemodialysis patients was assessed using the Abbott HCV-EIA test. Anti-HCV positivity was found in 19.4% of patients, was higher in males than in females and progressively increased with age. A correlation between time of dialysis treatment, transfusions and ALT course was found. These data suggest that HCV infection is a very important risk in dialysis units.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186915

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three hundred and eighty-seven chronic hemodialysis patients were evaluated, in a multicenter study, to investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus. In anti-HCV seropositive patients, serum ALT values and blood transfusions were retrospectively compared; blood donors were studied for serum transaminases. In seropositive patients without previous blood transfusions, analysis of dialysis schedule was done. Eventually, the intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus was studied in 104 family members. The prevalence of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients was 15.7%. The incidence of acute hepatitis was frequent, while chronic hepatitis incidence was less than expected (17.5%). Intrafamilial diffusion was low (1.9%). Blood-transfusion-related infections seem to be negligible, while cross-contamination in dialysis units seems to be very important.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186916

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Long-term behavior of naturally acquired anti-HBs antibody was tested every 6 months for 3 years in 22 dialysis patients. Fifteen of them maintained protective levels throughout follow-up (102 and 85.5 mUI/ml at the beginning and the end, respectively). Seven of them became anti-HBs and were submitted to a 40-μg booster injection of hepatitis B vaccine. Seroconversion was observed in 6 of 7 patients (85.7%) with a mean anti-HBs titer of 90.4 and 47.3 mUI/ml after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Protective anti-HBs level may be maintained longer in patients with natural immunity than in HBsAg-negative vaccinated subjects. Effectiveness of a reduced vaccination protocol in patients who have lost their natural immunization should be confirmed with further studies

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186917

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In our Dialytic Unit, the prevalence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) was 16.4% in 1990(73 hemodialyzed) and 21% in 1991 (105 hemodialyzed). The incidence of seroconversion was 13.1%. The transaminase behavior was similar in a group of anti-HCV-positive and a group of anti-HCV-negative patients and with previous HBV infection. Blood transfusions and dialytic age did not affect anti-HCV positivity.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186918

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been demonstrated to be the main cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis and the emergent infectious illness in dialysis units. At present, the anti-HCV 100 ELISA and an immunoblot assay in which 2 new antigens are included, are available. We have tested 110 patients on chronic dialysis with anti-C100 ELISA. Twenty-seven of them were anti-HCV positive. We tested the 27 anti-HCV-positive and 7 anti-HCV-negative patients with the RIBA 4 assay. The results were similar with both test.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186919

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To evaluate the prevalence of HBV, non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) and HCV, their evolution and the route of transmission, we performed a retrospective study (17 years) on 65 hemodialyzed patients (mean dialytical age 5 years, range 1-16) who developed acute viral hepatitis. Twenty-six percent of them were affected by HBV; 5 of them (29%) became chronic. Fourty-eight of 65 patients were affected by NANBH; in 1990,42 of them were tested for antibody to HCV with the C-100 Elisa assay: 27 patients (64%) were positive. Seven of 27 patients demonstrated normal values of ALT. The evaluation of intrafamiliar transmission of HBV showed 8 sexual partners infected. In the family, no one was anti-HCV positive. In agreement with the current literature, we have observed: (1) a decrement in HBV infection; (2) that HCV is the major cause of NANBH; its rate of chronicity is over 50%; (3) that the prevalent mode of HCV transmission is the parenteral route while the sexual route seems to be negligible.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186920

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to clear some aspects of HCV infection, we evaluated quarterly HCV markers by a RIBA 1 test (antigens cl00-3 and 5.1.1) and monthly transaminases (ALT and AST) for 14 months in 89 HBsAg-free maintenance hemodialysis patients (MHP), and we retrospectively examined clinical records until the start of hemodialysis treatment. At the start of the study, 16 patients showed HCV antibodies (HCV +) and 73 were antibody-free (HCV-). 39 subjects of the staff were also examined. No HCV+ patient showed seroconversion, 10 showed irregular or persistent elevation of AST and ALT. In the retrospective evaluation 14 patients suffered from acute hepatitis (AH). Only 3 cases showed temporal relation with blood transfusions. In 1 case a 36-month temporary normalization of transaminases was noticed. 3 HCV- patients showed seroconversion (1 during AH), 13 showed severe or moderate elevations of transaminases. In the retrospective evaluation, 6 patients suffered from AH. All subjects of the staff were HCV-and showed no seroconversion or changes of transaminases. At the end of the study, we performed a RIBA 2 test containing the HCV antigens c100-3, 5.1.1, c22-3 and c33c. The 6 patients who suffered from AH showed at least 1 positivity for new proteins. Most of AH in MHP are likely due to HCV infection; besides transfusions, cross-infection during the dialytic procedure may be responsible for many cases of HCV infection; long-term normalization of transaminases may not secure against infectivity.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186921

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

HCV is seen as an emergent problem in Dialysis Units; in fact, the patients of these centers are at high risk for blood-transmitted infections, through coming microepidemies. For this reason and using the same method, we have studied the prevalence of anti-HCV and virus-derived hepatitis in a dialytic population of 105 patients. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 25.71%.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186922

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The incidence of HCV antibodies has been evaluated in 123 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients (Group A; 55 M and 68 F) and in 37 consecutive HD patients (group B) admitted to our hospitals for acute hepatitis. In group A, HCV antibodies were present in 27% of the patients. 20 of 36 (55%) had previously received blood transfusions. 21 patients (58%) were also positive for HBV Ab. In 8 patients, ALT were significantly increased. In group B, the diagnosis of HCV-related acute hepatitis was made in 11 patients. 8 of them had previously received blood transfusions. Seroconversion occurred 2-3 months after onset of the disease.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186923

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger