摘要:

The GBM is an important structure for the development of immunologic renal disease. It may serve as the primary antigen or as the site of deposition of immune complexes. The GBM is recognized as the major protein filtration barrier of the glomerulus. The composition of the GBM includes collagen, predominantly but not exclusively type IV, which is present as procollagen. Two glycoproteins, laminin and fibronectin, are either intrinsic components of the GBM or intimately associated with the membrane. Heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan, is contained within the substance of the GBM and seems to comprise the primary anion of the structure. Antibodies to these individual GBM components are being recognized with increasing frequency in patients with glomerulonephritis. The recognition of these antibodies may serve to expand our definition of both immunologic and degenerative diseases of basement membrane.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182368

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Quantitative and semi-quantitative morphological analysis of 41 cases of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis revealed glomerular hypercellularity in 24 cases and abnormal parietal epithelium in 25 cases. Abnormal parietal epithelium included crescents and prominent parietal epithelium (at least ten enlarged cells with round or ovoid nuclei lining Bowman’s capsule of two or more glomeruli per biopsy). The clinical course (mean follow-up = 5.1 years) was correlated with biopsy findings. 8 of 17 patients with normocellular glomeruli, but only 3 of 24 patients with hypercellular glomeruli achieved complete clinical remission. 10 of 16 patients with normal parietal epithelium, but only 1 of 25 patients with abnormal parietal epithelium achieved complete remission. Of 9 uremic patients, all but 1 had abnormal parietal epithelium in their biopsies. Glomerular cellularity and parietal epithelium may be useful prognostic indices in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephriti

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182371

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Urate deposits within microtophi were found in 8% of unselected autopsies in Brisbane, Australia. Significant associations were demonstrated with (a) a history of gouty arthritis and (b) the existence of nitrogen retention and renal disease of apparently primary, but not gouty, origin. However, in 26% of the patients, a retrospective survey of their medical records did not reveal any causative factor. The possible aetiological importance of the urine flow rate is stressed. The presence of medullary urate deposits at autopsy was most frequently associated with a history of gout or the presence of pre-existing and non-gouty renal disease, although no aetiological factor could be determined in a quarter of the cases.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182373

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Induction of nephrosis in rats with aminonucleoside of puromycin (ANP) was followed by an increase in urinary protease activity, measured by the cleavage of 14C-globin, as well as in antiprotease activity measured by trypsin inhibition. The excretion of protease and protease inhibitor coincided with but did not precede the onset of proteinuria when the ANP was injected subcutaneously for 5 days and lagged after the proteinuria when the ANP was given as a single intravenous dose. Serum protease activity did not change throughout ANP treatment or later, whereas serum antiprotease capacity declined coincidently with proteinuria, most probably due to the loss in urine. Kidney proteolytic activity was markedly reduced in ANP nephrosis. Treatment of rats with proteolysis inhibitors, trasylol, ε-aminocaproic acid, soybean trypsin inhibitor, or hexapron, together with ANP failed to prevent, delay or reduce the proteinuria. We believe that the urinary protease in ANP nephrosis does not originate from the circulation but from the release of kidney protease as a consequence of the glomerular lesion, and does not appear to be involved in its causation.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182376

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Albumin and betaa-microglobulin excretions were studied in 85 unselected patients treated with lithium for more than 6 months. In 15 patients a lithium-induced impaired renal concentrating ability was found, 13 of these patients revealed a chronic interstitial nephropathy on renal biopsy. There was no significant increase in albumin excretion, and a markedly increased beta2-microglobulin excretion was seen in only 1 patient. This study supports the hypothesis that the lithium-induced renal lesion is confined to the distal part of the nephron.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182378

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Transient reductions in circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes and eosinophils were observed early in hemodialysis. About a threefold increase in serum-lactoferrin occurred 2 h from the start of hemodialysis. Increments of the serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were observed as early as 1 h after initiation of hemodialysis, reaching maximum levels (about a fourfold increase from initial levels) 1 h later. When fresh blood was circulated through a dialyzer without having a patient in the circuit considerable increases of lactoferrin and ECP were also found. The intracellular contents of lactoferrin and ECP in granulocytes isolated from peripheral blood were unaffected throughout the dialysis period. Sera obtained at different times during dialysis induced no release of granular proteins from isolated granulocytes in vitro. The raised serum concentrations of lactoferrin and ECP during dialysis suggest that a local degranulation of neutrophils and eosinophils may take place probably in the dialyzer.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182379

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Autologous immune complex-type nephritis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were killed when daily urinary protein excretion exceeded 300 mg (group 1) or 70–100 mg (group 2). Normal rats served as controls (group 3). Endocytosis of immune deposits by glomerular visceral epithelial cells was investigated by conventional and immunoelectron microscopy. In group 1, membranous glomerulonephritis was confirmed by conventional electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. By the former technique abundant endocytotic activity was shown in epithelial cells and by immunoelectron microscopy rat IgG was demonstrated in both the deposits and the epithelial cell phagosomes. Groups 2 and 3 were very similar and the presence of IgG could not be demonstrated. Results from group 1 strongly support the assumption that at least part of the phagosomes are derived from the deposits. Endocytosis seems to be dependent on the degree of membrane damage and the amount of immune deposit

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182381

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The renal clearance of inorganic fluoride was studied in 5/6-nephrectomized and kidney-intact rats in order to evaluate the influence of the extracellular fluid volume status on net tubular fluoride reabsorption. Loss of renal functional mass impaired the ability of the hydropenic uremic rat to excrete fluoride, although tubular reabsorption of fluoride was depressed. Fractional fluoride excretion was closely correlated to urinary flow rate in hydropenic rats; no influence of urinary pH from 5.80 to 6.18 could be demonstrated. Acute, moderate expansion of the extracellular fluid volume by isotonic saline was followed by a significant rise in fractional fluoride excretion in uremic as well as in control rats, indicating that extracellular fluid volume is an important physiological determinant of passive tubular fluoride reabsorption.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182383

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Infusion of thrombin and the fibrinolysis inhibitor tranexamic acid during ether anaesthesia in the rat gives rise to fibrin deposition in the renal glomeruli. This resulted in renal insufficiency as indicated by an increase in the serum urea nitrogen, reduction in the renal blood flow and patchy cortical necrosis in the kidneys. The plasma renin activity was elevated initially probably due to the ether anaesthesia. Infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin prevented the renal insufficiency if it was given during the thrombin infusion but not if it was given afterwards. The deposition of fibrin in the kidneys was also reduced. The results indicate that angiotensin II is involved in the pathogenesis of the renal injury.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182384

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of antiproximal tubule basement membrane (TBM) and brush border (BB) antibodies on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport was evaluated in a rat model of immunologically mediated interstitial nephritis. Immunized rats developed anti-TBM antibody titers ranging from 1 to 3,072 with continuous linear IgG and interrupted C3 deposits in the TBM. Circulating anti-BB antibodies were detected in half of the immunized rats in titers ranging from 1 to 128. Heavy IgG deposition was present in the BB when circulating anti-BB antibody titers exceeded eight and proteinuria was present. When anti-TBM antibody titers were 1,024 or greater the slice-to-medium PAH concentration ratio (S/M) was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Combined immunofluorescent microscopy and section freeze-dry autoradiography revealed normal cellular distribution of PAH-3H in all proximal tubules except in rare microscopic foci of interstitial nephritis in which concentrative transport was absent. However, luminal secretion of PAH-3H was strikingly reduced in tubules with heavy IgG BB deposits. 3-hour PAH excretion in vivo fell significantly in rats with circulating and tissue anti-BB antibodies. Antibody inhibition of PAH transport appeared to be independent of morphologic damage. Summary: Anti-TBM antibodies were associated with decreased slice uptake of PAH-3H while anti-BB antibodies were associated with decreased luminal PAH secretion in vitro and in vivo.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182385

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger