ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180779

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The cation content of the erythrocyte was studied in 36 patients with chronic renal failure. A normal or high erythrocyte potassium was found. Erythrocyte sodium values showed a wide range, from very high to very low, and the rate constant for Na efflux was found to be higher than normal. The interpretation of these findings is discussed. It is suggested that the high erythrocyte K content may reflect abnormal total body K, may be explained on the basis of a young red cell population or may be related to abnormal function of the erythrocyte cation pump. It is probable that the development of these changes in chronic renal failure depends on many factors.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180780

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Acute uremia was induced in male Swiss albino mice by complete urethral ligation and the animals were sacrificed 2, 4–6, 24, and 48 h after operation. Sham-operated animals (without the urethral ligation) were similarly treated. The blood urea levels of animals with total urinary tract obstruction went up to 175 mg/l00 ml at 4–6 h of urethral ligation and reached an average level of 827 mg/l00 ml at 48 h, while the control group exhibited an average blood urea level of 37 mg/l00 ml. Lysosomes obtained from livers of uremic mice sacrificed at different time intervals demonstrated a lability of the lysosomal membranes (as determined by the acid phosphatase activity in mU/mg) which was maximal at 4–6 h of urethral ligation, declining towards normal at 24 and 48 h, despite an increase in the animal’s blood urea. In vitro studies exposing liver lysosomes to progressively higher urea concentrations (differences of as much as 100,000 times) did not reveal any effect of urea upon the stability of lysosomal membranes. The reason for the lability of lysosomal membranes in the uremic group was not apparent in the presen

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180781

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of one hemodialysis session and of subsequent loading by 1.5–2 liters TV saline on blood pressure, PRA and body fluid compartments was assessed in seven patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. Dialysis caused only slight decreases in plasma volume, ECV and in TEBS. Lying mean blood pressure decreased by 5–10 mm Hg and PRA increased by 30%. Saline loading resulted in a significant increase in plasma volume by 0.4 liters and in blood pressure by 10–15 mm Hg, but in a decrease in PRA by 40%. The changes in mean blood pressure correlated positively with the changes in plasma volume, and negatively with the changes in PRA. It is concluded that the renin-angiotensin system in patients on chronic hemodialysis still functions as one of the adjustment mechanisms for the circulatory homeostasis, when challenged by volume loss or volume and sodium lo

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180782

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three mitoses of endothelial glomerular cells have been observed by electron microscopy in 3 different nephropathies (a mixed membranous and proliferative glomerulonephritis, an intracapillary glomerulonephritis, and a mixed IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemia). Further light- and electron-microscopical and autoradiographic investigations on the occurrence and nature of the dividing cells responsible for glomerular hypercellularity in glomerulonephritis have been carried out in rats with an immunocomplex-induced glomerulonephritis. A statistically significant difference between treated and control animals have been found in the number of mitoses and DNA-synthesizing nuclei. All dividing glomerular cells observed by electron microscopy were endothelial. It is therefore proved that in glomerulonephritis an actual glomerular cell proliferation does occur; proliferating cells are suggested to be endothelial in nature.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180783

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The risks of intermittent anticoagulation with heparin for hemodialysis and long-term anticoagulation with warfarin to prevent clotting of arteriovenous shunts were assessed in a group of 125 home dialysis patients. Over a 7-year period, there were nine bleeding complications attributable to heparin anticoagulation for an incidence of one complication for every 40 patient years on dialysis. In contrast, 20 of 48 patients anticoagulated with warfarin for an average of 2 years each, had a total of 50 hemorrhagic complications requiring 542 days in the hospital and 15 operative procedures. Conversion to an alternative form of vascular access, the internal arteriovenous fistula, obviated the need for warfarin therapy and its unacceptably high complication rate in this population of patients.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180784

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The control of plasma aldosterone during hemodialysis was investigated in 31 patients with terminal renal failure. While before hemodialysis renin predominantly influenced aldosterone, this effect dissipated during hemodialysis. In addition, no relationship was observed between changes in aldosterone and those in sodium, potassium and plasma cortisol. In a group of 10 patients isokalemic and isonatremic hemodialysis failed to document an effect of sodium or potassium on hemodialysis induced changes in aldosterone. Our data suggest that none of the four factors – renin, ACTH, sodium and potassium – had constantly caused the observed changes in aldosterone during hemodialy

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180785

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

During the 12 weeks following 5/6 nephrectomy in rats with moderate uremia (creatinine 0.7–1.2 mg/100 ml, BUN 53–89 mg/100 ml), no significant increases in total soft tissue calcification were observed. The calcium concentration of skeletal muscle remained unchanged at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. A slight but not significant increase in skin calcium was found. However, a significant decrease in cardiac calcium was found for the uremic animals. Total body calcium as determined by neutron activation analysis was significantly lower in the uremic rat when compared with the age-matched animal. However, when normalized for body weight, the total calcium content in uremic rats did not differ from the controls. Similar findings were observed for the absolute calcium content of the tibia and when normalized for weight. Furthermore, a highly significant linear relationship (r = 0.92, p < < 0.001) was established between absolute levels of total body calcium and tibia calcium which was identical for the control and uremic gro

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180786

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Amino acids were determined in plasma and urine from controls and children with chronic renal insufficiency. Significant differences were found in the mean plasma concentration of serine, threonine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, arginine, cystine and glycine in children with severe renal failure. There was a marked increase in clearance of the majority of amino acids when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell below 30 ml/min/1.73 m2: the exceptions were the basic amino acids and cystine which did not change. As GFR decreased there was a significant reduction in the percentage tubular reabsorption of individual amino acids. Children with severe renal failure excreted up to 40% of the filtered load of amino acids in the urine. This significant increase in urinary amino acid loss may contribute to the derangement of plasma amino acid concentrations found in uraemia.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180787

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180789

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger