摘要:

Les lésions rénales provoquées chez la souris et le chien par la parathormone ont été étudiées au microscope électronique et au microanalyseur électronique. Ce dernier appareil a permis de préciser la nature chimique des dépôts calcaires. Les depots se localisent dans trois regions: cytoplasme, lumières tubulaires, membranes basales. Les dépôts intra-cytoplasmiques sont en forme d’aiguilles; ils contiennent du phosphore, du calcium, du magnesium et de l’oxygène. Les dépôts intra-tubulaires sont denses et arcifbrmes; ils contiennent du phosphore, du calcium, du magnesium, de l’oxygène et du soufre. Les dépôts des basales sont denses et arrondis; ils contiennent du phosphore et du calcium. Des dépôts calcaires de même ultrastructure et de même compqsition chimique ont été retrouvés dans une biopsie rénale effectuée chez un malade porteur d’un adénome parathyroïdien. La localisation des depots calcaires dans le rein, et plus particulièrement, le siege du phénomène initial de la calcification, ainsi que la nature chimique de ces dépôt

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000179813

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1970

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

1. Sodium, calcium and magnesium reabsorption by the renal tubules are interrelated. 2. To determine whether the tubular transport of calcium and magnesium were influenced directly by adrenocortical hormones, clearance studies were carried out in normal adults before and after the administration of either a placebo, aldosterone or cortisol. 3. During the placebo studies urinary sodium and chloride excretion increased while potassium and net acid excretion were unaltered. 4. Following aldosterone infusion, sodium and chloride excretion fell while potassium and net acid excretion rose. 5. After cortisol infusion sodium excretion also fell but was accompanied only by a rise in potassium excretion. 6. Despite the observed changes in sodium excretion, neither placebo, aldosterone nor cortisol administration had any effect on the serum ultrafiltrate concentrations, rates of glomerular filtration or urinary excretion rates of calcium or magnesium. 7. We conclude that aldosterone and cortisol have no direct effect on renal tubular reabsorption of calcium or magnesium.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000179814

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1970

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of calcium chloride infusion on the renal handling of magnesium was evaluated in thyroparathyroidectomized dogs during normal and acute reduction in glomerular filtration rate. The results show that calcium infusion increased urinary magnesium even when the filtered load of magnesium was markedly reduced. The augmented magnesium excretion was associated with an absolute increase in calcium reabsorption. These observations indicate that calcium infusion reduces the tubular reabsorption of magnesium and is consistent with the concept that these two ions share and compete for a common reabsorptive pathway in the nephron. Sodium excretion also increased during chloride infusion but a comparison of the clearances of magnesium (CMg), sodium (CNa) and calcium (CCa) indicates that CMg was more closely related to CCa than CNa when calcium chloride was infused alone. With the addition of saline infusion, CMg became more dependent on CNa

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000179815

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1970

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The activity of LDH, MDH, G1DH, GOT, GPT, and CA was measured in the glomeruli, proximal convolutions, distal convolutions, medullary rays, outer zone of the medulla, inner zone of the medulla, and papilla dissected from 16 µ frozen dried sections of the human kidney. The activity of phosphate activated glutaminase, pyruvate activated glutaminase and non-activated glutaminase was determined in fresh homogenates from cortex, medulla and papilla. The enzyme activity was lower in glomeruli than in most other parts of the nephron. The activity of LDH, G1DH, GOT, and CA was highest in the proximal and/or distal convolutions. The maximum MDH and GPT activity was in the medullary rays. The highest activity of the glutaminases was found in cortex, the lowest in the medulla. The distribution patterns in the nephron of CA, glutaminases, GOT, GPT, and G1DH are compatible with the sites found in experimental animals for the production and excretion of hydrogen ion and ammonia, and suggest a very similar localization and mechanism in the human kidney

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000179816

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1970

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Injection of a 50% glycerol solution intramuscularly into rats consistently caused azotemia associated with hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and decreased urine osmolality. Survivors reinjected on days 7 and 35 demonstrated resistance to reinjection during both the azotemic and non-azotemic phases of recovery. Stable azotemic partially nephrectomized rats were injected to evaluate the protection afforded by a solute diuresis per nephron. The degree of hemolysis, as assessed by acute changes in hematocrit, was as great on reinjection as that seen initially. It is concluded that the azotemic renal failure induced by a previous injection of glycerol affords protection of renal function against subsequent glycerol injection while the solute diuresis in nephrectomized rats results in a lesser protection.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000179817

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1970

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A powerful procoagulant is normally excreted in large amounts in the urine of man, rats and rabbits. The secretion is not altered in a variety of diseases including hemorrhagic diathesis and thromboembolism. In parenchymatous kidney diseases, however, there is a marked reduction of procoagulant excretion. The procoagulant excretion is negatively correlated with BUN, blood creatinine and degree of proteinuria. With marked proteinuria in human or experimental renal disease, the procoagulant content per ml urine and the 24 h excretion drop to very low or zero values. In man, complete recovery of procoagulant excretion is obtained after homotransplantation of a well functioning kidney.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000179818

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1970

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Peritoneal dialysis is commonly used as an adjunct in the treatment of acute and chronic renal failure. It has been shown previously that if peritoneal dialysis is carried out during hemorrhagic hypotension there is a reduction in the peritoneal transfer rate of urea and potassium; restoration of blood volume results in a return of the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis. In this study utilizing dogs the effect of norepinephrine and phenoxybenzamine on the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis in hypotension is evaluated. During hemorrhagic hypotension, norepinephrine raises arterial pressure to control values while phenoxybenzamine causes a further fall in mean arterial pressure, but neither agent significantly changes the rate of peritoneal transfer of urea or potassium. It is concluded that the use of vasoconstrictor or vasodilator agents in hemorrhagic hypotension does not significantly influence the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000179819

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1970

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000179820

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1970

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000179821

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1970

数据来源: Karger