ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187788

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187789

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied anionic sites on the glomerular basement membrane in patients with chronic renal transplant rejection having clinical and histological features of transplant glomerulopathy. All patients had significant proteinuria (greater than 1 g/24 h as well as light- and electron-microscopic features very like focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, though no patient had that disease in the native kidney. A significant reduction in the density and absolute number of anionic sites was observed compared with controls and with patients having stable graft function. The findings suggest that the loss of anionic sites may play an important part in the pathogenesis of transplant glomerulopathy.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187790

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Analysis of creatoi (CTL, 5-hydroxycreatinine), an oxidative creatinine (Cr) metabolite, in serum and urine of human subjects has indicated that CTL is a useful determinant of renal function. The existence itself of serum CTL (s-CTL) could be a diagnostic sign for chronic renal failure (CRF): in all normal subjects, s-CTL was undetectable, but s-CTL was detectable in sera of all patients with CRF (s-Cr: > 2.0 mg/dl). And the s-CTL values increased in proportion to the severity of CRF in such patients. Furthermore, the molar ratio (CTL/Cr) in both urine and serum increased significantly in proportion to the severity of CRF. Our results indicated not only hyperproduction of CTL but also higher oxygen stress in patients according to the progression of CRF. The diagnostic importance of the CTL value and the CTL/Cr ratio are discussed.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187791

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Anemia of chronic renal failure is associated with a reduced affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen (Hb-O2 affinity). It has been reported that the correction of renal anemia by recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) treatment could be associated paradoxically with a further decrease in Hb-O2 affinity. We investigated changes in the compensatory mechanisms of chronic renal anemia during 25 weeks of rhuEPO treatment, in 19 chronic hemodialyzed (HD) patients. There was no significant variation of mean standard P50 (P50std). Average 2,3-diphos-phoglycerate (DPG) increased after 13 weeks and remained stable. The large interindividual variations prompted us to study ΔP50std and ΔHb. We demonstrated a negative correlation between ΔP50std and ΔHb. Thus, P50std increased in patients who did not immediately correct their anemia and decreased in patients whose Hb values rose. These data showed that the major factor influencing variations of Hb-O2 affinity in chronic HD patients treated by rhuEPO is the variation of Hb concentrations. In our study, it was demonstrated that the most important rise in P50std and 2,3-DPG occurred in patients who were late responders to rhu

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187792

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a group of 48 chronic hemodialysis patients, serum levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) have been measured and appeared abnormally low in 62% of cases. Figures were positively correlated to those of serum vitamin E (vit E), although the latter were within a normal range. The chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients with normal serum values of CoQ exhibited higher blood triglycerides. Pathologically low levels of serum vit E were found only in uremic subjects on conservative regimen with dietary restrictions and low compliance to protein-caloric intake. The reduced CoQ levels may contribute to the defective serum antioxidant activity and the increased peroxidative damage in uremic patients on CHD.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187793

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin were determined in a patient suffering from advanced ovarian cancer with total hemodialysis-dependent chronic renal failure undergoing 3 consecutive cycles of chemotherapy. Dosage was adjusted to reach active AUC (area under the plasma concentration versus time curve) of ultrafïlterable carboplatin. A hemodialysis, performed 24 h after administration, results in a decrease of 20% of ultrafilterable carboplatin AUC. The relative dialysis efficacy of ultrafilterable carboplatin was great: 84 ± 3%. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of carboplatin-cyclophosphamide combination for 6 cycles every 4 weeks. After treatment completion, the patient showed a complete response and remains disease free 16 months after the end of the treatment. Carboplatin-based chemotherapy can be given to patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis without life-threatening toxicity with a dialysis performed 24 h after the administration and with a dose adjustment of carboplatin to reach a AUC of 6 mg/ml min for untreated patients. In these conditions, response in platinum-sensitive tumors can be obtaine

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187794

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A radioimmunoassay procedure for the quantitation of glutathione transferase-π was developed in order to determine the levels of this protein in human urine. The enzyme was isolated from human placenta with a purification factor of 366 (compared to the original high-speed supernatant fraction), and upon gel electrophoresis, only a single band was seen. Polyclonal antisera were subsequently raised in rabbits and found to be suitable for a radioimmunoassay. Glutathione transferase-π was localized immunohistochemically to the cells of the distal tubules, the thin loop of Henle and the collecting ducts in the kidney. In contrast, the α-isoenzyme was localized exclusively in the proximal tubular epithelium. Samples of urine from healthy individuals contained about 6 ng of the π-transferase/ml. The method proved to be specific for glutathione transferase-π, and no cross-reaction with the α- or μ-transferases or with other proteins occasionally appearing in urine occurred. The protein was quite stable upon storage and insensitive to variations in the urine pH. Thus, it appears that glutathione transferase-π can be conveniently quantitated by radioimmunoassay and changes in the concentration of this protein in human urine thus mo

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187795

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187796

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Limited attention has been paid to the composition of the small amounts of urine that are frequently produced by patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of vascular origin. We have investigated the value of basic urinary parameters in the early diagnosis of total or partial acute renal artery occlusion (ARAO). We have reviewed the records of 30 patients with ARF: group 1 (n = 10) had total ARAO; group 2 (n = 10) had unilateral ARAO with a contralateral functioning kidney, and group 3 (n = 10) had hemodynamically mediated ARF subsequent to a major vascular abdominal surgical procedure, without arterial thrombosis. Serum sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and osmolality, as well as urinary sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and osmolality, were determined by standard techniques, and the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) was calculated. Serum parameters were similar in all groups. Urinary sodium and FENa were higher in group 1 than in the other groups (p < 0.01), while urinary potassium was lower (p < 0.05). Urinary urea (p < 0.01) and osmolality (p < 0.05) were higher in group 2 than in the other groups, revealing a prerenal pattern in some cases. Serum and urinary concentrations of sodium, urea and creatinine and osmolality were similar in group 1, while respective serum and urinary concentrations and osmolality were different from each other in the other groups. Analysis of urine provides a useful diagnostic tool in ARF of vascular origin. When urinary concentrations of sodium, urea and creatinine are similar to those in serum and FENa approaches 100%, the strong likelihood of total ARAO should be acknowledged, and renal arteriography is mandatory.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000187797

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger